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00:00:00

[music]

00:00:03

Nothing embodies the Mysteries of Ancient

00:00:05

Egypt better than the great Sphinx.

00:00:10

How the Egyptians managed to create this

00:00:13

creature with the body of a lion and the head of a

00:00:15

man. This is the largest statue

00:00:18

that was built in Ancient Egypt. Who

00:00:21

created it and why its best times. It

00:00:24

was a very bright structure painted

00:00:26

in colors. Like from the comics, the

00:00:33

riddle of the sphinx intrigued everyone who

00:00:36

saw it, from emperors to presidents.

00:00:40

Now the solution to this Mystery has acquired a

00:00:44

new meaning

00:00:45

[music] for

00:00:47

4000 years, only pyramids stood next to it,

00:00:50

but now the sphinx’s neighbor has become a

00:00:54

fast food establishment;

00:00:58

street traffic; tourism and construction

00:01:01

affect the integrity of the

00:01:03

sphinx statue. located almost in the center of Cairo the

00:01:06

city attacked it on all fronts

00:01:09

before it was too late scientists

00:01:13

and builders must unravel the age-old

00:01:15

Mysteries of the Sphinx

00:01:19

they plunged into the world of Ancient Egypt

00:01:24

the world of pharaohs and pyramids of

00:01:29

animal gods Mummies ulta-sun

00:01:33

[music]

00:01:35

and human sacrifices

00:01:40

[music]

00:02:04

forward stretched out and huge paws larger than

00:02:07

buses

00:02:11

long tail wrapped around his back

00:02:14

[music]

00:02:15

his huge body weighs as much

00:02:18

as 50 jet airliners and

00:02:21

the pose shows readiness to jump

00:02:27

but this Lion has a man's head the size of a

00:02:32

house

00:02:34

This is a large sphinx

00:02:37

the sphinx is the largest statue in Egypt

00:02:40

famous for its huge monuments

00:02:43

[music]

00:02:53

in the history of Egypt there were thousands of sphinxes,

00:02:59

but this large sphinx was one of the first

00:03:04

and the largest of them,

00:03:08

it was the Age of experiments. The Sphinx was also an

00:03:12

experiment, it was something new, very

00:03:15

unusual,

00:03:17

so where did the idea come from to crown the

00:03:20

Lion’s body with a human head

00:03:24

[music]

00:03:29

archaeologist Günterdraer explores the

00:03:32

Obidas Desert 400 km south of Giza and the pyramids

00:03:38

the driver drives past Cheops and the ancient

00:03:42

kingdom to the very beginning of Egyptian

00:03:44

civilization 3000 BC and

00:03:48

500 years before the appearance of the Sphinx,

00:03:53

just like Giza, Obidas became the city of the dead

00:03:57

but without pyramids

00:04:01

here in the sands in the desert, the first

00:04:04

pharaohs of Egypt are buried, resting in a complex of

00:04:06

tombs made of clay bricks,

00:04:10

the driver examines one of them,

00:04:18

the tomb consists of three large chambers

00:04:21

located under that hill,

00:04:31

the main chamber was robbed in ancient times

00:04:34

and the body of the pharaoh was stolen

00:04:36

[music]

00:04:37

but the inscriptions inside say that it was

00:04:40

Pharaoh aha the

00:04:42

most the first king of the first Egyptian

00:04:45

dynasty

00:04:46

[music]

00:04:51

Pharaoh Aha had undeniable power

00:04:56

[music]

00:04:58

excavations in obediha revealed

00:05:00

evidence of human

00:05:01

sacrifices

00:05:05

in a mass grave, skeletons were found of

00:05:08

35 healthy adults, most of

00:05:11

whom were less than 20 years old

00:05:13

and back even for those distant times

00:05:16

this is too much Early age for

00:05:18

natural death Therefore, we can

00:05:20

conclude that they were killed so that they

00:05:22

would follow their lord into the

00:05:24

afterlife and continue to serve him

00:05:28

the pharaohs his worldly Treasures are buried

00:05:30

in one King of the complex

00:05:32

next to him there are 35 smaller

00:05:36

tombs for servants

00:05:41

in the last tomb many

00:05:43

bones were found but they do not belong to people

00:05:49

they are compared with modern skeletons

00:05:53

we found many animal bones most

00:05:56

often

00:05:57

Lions

00:05:59

It was a big surprise

00:06:02

several Lions were buried at the same

00:06:05

time as the Pharaoh's servants this indicates

00:06:08

that they were also sacrificed

00:06:15

But why were they buried next to the

00:06:18

Pharaoh

00:06:19

the king identified himself with Leo to

00:06:22

show his strength and power

00:06:26

[music]

00:06:28

excavations of the driver show that the first

00:06:31

pharaohs of Egypt had incredible

00:06:33

power

00:06:36

and could order the ritual

00:06:38

murder of many people

00:06:41

and the lions in the tomb explain the meaning of the appearance of the

00:06:45

Sphinx because Lions symbolize the power

00:06:47

of the pharaoh

00:06:48

[music]

00:06:56

our Sphinx is not only Leo is

00:07:00

also a man, the

00:07:04

ancient Egyptians depicted their gods as

00:07:07

half human and half animal.

00:07:10

But usually they have the heads of animals and the body of a

00:07:13

man.

00:07:14

In the case of the Sphinx, it’s the other way around: if you

00:07:20

combine the head of a man with the body of a

00:07:23

Leo, you will have the power and strength of a Leo,

00:07:26

but the head of a man symbolizes

00:07:29

intelligence and control therefore, the Sphinx

00:07:33

depicts the power subject to control

00:07:39

on the head of a person. The

00:07:49

Sphinx embodies God and the pharaoh,

00:07:56

and when it is necessary to give the appearance of the power of the

00:07:58

pharaoh, the more the better

00:08:02

[music] over the

00:08:05

next 500 years, the tombs of the pharaohs

00:08:08

become larger and larger

00:08:11

from underground tombs they turn into

00:08:14

simple above-ground tombs.

00:08:16

And from step pyramids the

00:08:19

great pyramids of Giza

00:08:21

[music]

00:08:23

but the size of the shape of the royal tombs is

00:08:25

slowly changing

00:08:27

and the great sphinx had no

00:08:30

predecessors in the history of Egypt This is the

00:08:33

first time a statue of

00:08:36

this scale has

00:08:41

been created so who created the sphinx

00:08:51

if you look at its paws It looks like it is

00:08:53

made up of thousands of stone blocks

00:08:57

maybe it was built like pyramids

00:08:59

from a pile of these blocks

00:09:02

[music]

00:09:05

more detailed studies

00:09:07

show that the upper body and

00:09:09

head are carved from a huge stone

00:09:12

maybe it is like a memorial on Mount

00:09:15

Rushmore

00:09:17

answers to this Ayats stone of the Sphinx and

00:09:20

parodies around it

00:09:27

Incredible but no one before did not study

00:09:30

these stones

00:09:36

30 years ago Mark Lainor became the first

00:09:40

Today he is one of the leading Egyptologists in

00:09:43

the world

00:09:44

when I first arrived in Egypt

00:09:46

the best maps showed the Sphinx

00:09:49

only as an outline to

00:09:51

study the creation of the Sphinx using such

00:09:54

drawings is also useless How to build a

00:09:56

50-story skyscraper using a satellite

00:09:59

image of the roof

00:10:01

here's how little was known about the sphinx

00:10:06

in order to reveal its secrets it was necessary to

00:10:09

look much more carefully

00:10:13

I spent 5 years here marking

00:10:16

every stone to scale

00:10:19

you were my office here I rested and

00:10:23

ate sandwiches and instant coffee

00:10:28

putting the sphinx on the map allowed the

00:10:30

liner to explore it itself, its

00:10:33

material and Giza plateau

00:10:36

The Sphinx is created from limestone, a

00:10:40

thorough study of it shows

00:10:42

how the stone was formed,

00:10:44

you see this picture similar to a coral

00:10:48

brain or sponge

00:10:52

there is limestone on the raft Giza including

00:10:55

the body of the sphinx once lay on the bottom of the sea

00:10:57

he was a gnome of the sea Therefore, in the stone

00:11:01

there are various fragments of sea

00:11:03

animals

00:11:05

millions years ago

00:11:07

was under water

00:11:10

Marine animals and plants died and

00:11:13

sank to the bottom over time, their remains

00:11:16

formed limestone,

00:11:19

but not all limestone is formed

00:11:21

equally,

00:11:22

some are formed from the soft

00:11:25

seabed and the rest from hard

00:11:28

coral reefs,

00:11:30

together they look like a layer cake made of

00:11:33

hard and soft limestone

00:11:36

through the sphinx there are several

00:11:38

different layers of limestone it looks like it was cut out

00:11:42

of a layer cake

00:11:43

there are soft layers of impregnation and between them hard

00:11:47

layers

00:11:51

harder stones resist

00:11:54

time better than soft ones

00:11:57

Today it looks different than when

00:11:59

construction was completed the

00:12:01

original flat surface

00:12:04

has changed over 4000 years under the influence of the

00:12:05

wind water and sand

00:12:09

here on the right side of the sphinx's chest we

00:12:13

see how erosion destroys the soft layers

00:12:16

and therefore the hard layers of stone protrude

00:12:23

Leinar believes that characteristic erosion

00:12:25

indicates the meta-creation of the sphinx;

00:12:31

recent restoration covers the traces of

00:12:34

time

00:12:37

in photographs of the 20s of the 20th century clearly

00:12:40

show them on the body of the sphinx

00:12:45

[ music]

00:12:46

and on the walls of the trench where it is located,

00:12:52

these marks are comparable to

00:12:55

fingerprints when Leinar compares the marks on the

00:12:58

body of the sphinx with the marks on the trench

00:13:02

They match,

00:13:06

we are sure that these are the same layers of natural

00:13:08

limestone that form the Southern wall of the

00:13:12

Sphinx trench

00:13:18

Lenar discovers the same stone in front of the

00:13:20

paws sphinx in the ruins of a building which

00:13:22

is known as the temple of the sphinx

00:13:26

[music]

00:13:28

there on the huge stone blocks that formerly

00:13:31

made up its walls He marks the same

00:13:34

layers of hard and soft stone that are

00:13:36

noticeable on the sphinx, it can be seen that these layers

00:13:40

go continuously from one block to

00:13:42

another throughout all that were used

00:13:44

for creating walls,

00:13:48

here is one geological layer And this yellow

00:13:52

stripe is a softer geological layer,

00:13:59

but will the similarity of the stone

00:14:01

used to create the Sphinx, its

00:14:03

trench and the temple explain how it was built, the

00:14:08

Egyptians dug a trench in the shape of a horseshoe And

00:14:12

in the middle there was a large stone block

00:14:15

from which the Sphinx was carved they

00:14:19

moved the stone sometimes in blocks of 100

00:14:21

tons to the lower terrace where the

00:14:24

walls of the sphinx temple were erected

00:14:27

[music] the

00:14:31

initial stage of creating the sphinx was a

00:14:34

huge stone protruding on the

00:14:36

surface of the Giza plateau,

00:14:42

workers cut a trench around it,

00:14:45

carrying the stone in huge blocks,

00:14:52

these blocks were used to build the

00:14:54

sphinx temple

00:15:01

then sculptors they gave the huge stone that

00:15:04

remained in the center the shape of a sphinx

00:15:10

[music] the

00:15:16

sphinx was carved from the natural stone of the

00:15:18

Giza plateau

00:15:21

[music] the fact

00:15:27

that the sphinx was carved on the spot

00:15:29

explains only part of the mystery of how

00:15:33

exactly this was done the

00:15:35

answer to this question lies half a world

00:15:38

away

00:15:39

Rick

00:15:41

New England in the fall looks a little like the

00:15:43

Egyptian deserts

00:15:45

turned to Rick Brown for advice,

00:15:48

experts on ancient tools,

00:15:51

using as a basis a copper tool

00:15:53

discovered in Giza and drawings in

00:15:55

tombs depicting stone carvers

00:15:57

Brown collected all the tools that the

00:15:59

ancient Egyptians would have used to

00:16:01

create the great Sphinx, Rick

00:16:03

and I studied everything finds from

00:16:06

tombs all ancient tools

00:16:09

based on our finds we have compiled an

00:16:11

approximate set of tools

00:16:13

that were used by the creators of the sphinx

00:16:16

We have copper

00:16:25

To understand what task faced the

00:16:27

builders who used such

00:16:29

tools

00:16:30

Brown are trying to recreate them starting with a

00:16:33

chisel, it seems

00:16:35

good a little more now we

00:16:38

need a normal temperature the creators of

00:16:40

the sphinx they worked long before the invention of

00:16:42

hard bronze and iron, they had to

00:16:44

make do with soft copper, that’s how they

00:16:47

worked in Egypt. And I want to take this

00:16:49

piece of copper, heat it up and make a

00:16:52

chisel out of it.

00:17:01

the color of the copper has appeared We are ready it

00:17:04

looks good it is straight Red

00:17:09

heating makes the copper more pliable it

00:17:12

can be given the desired shape

00:17:16

this is a very primitive process and what they

00:17:19

did they used harder materials

00:17:22

they gave shape with soft material but when

00:17:26

it cools down the copper becomes hard again I

00:17:29

want to go back to the fire I’m afraid that breaking the

00:17:31

metal heating again

00:17:36

these ancient tools indicate

00:17:39

that carving is only part of the work on the

00:17:41

Sphinx

00:17:43

coal was needed to build these

00:17:45

Giza monuments the builders must have

00:17:48

kept the fires going all day long

00:17:50

Over the years just to

00:17:53

make the tool

00:17:57

Let's hit it with a stone again

00:18:02

heating and forging are repeated

00:18:05

until the desired shape is achieved.

00:18:09

I want it to be straight. Like this

00:18:12

because if it turns out crooked,

00:18:14

the tool will not last long. This is how to

00:18:17

create the Cheops pyramid from the Sphinx. The

00:18:21

largest amount of copper was collected

00:18:22

in the third millennium BC,

00:18:25

the cost of copper should they must have been huge,

00:18:30

but the copper chisel was the pinnacle of progress of the

00:18:32

ancient kingdom, it was used for

00:18:34

fine work,

00:18:35

rough work was done by simple

00:18:37

tools,

00:18:38

stone hammers

00:18:42

Look at this photo from the tomb,

00:18:45

here is a stone carver, he has the same

00:18:47

tool and this is what I found, you need to

00:18:50

carefully examine these Drawings, they

00:18:51

give a lot information today Brown

00:18:54

liner makes his own young and

00:18:56

based on the drawing

00:18:59

I want to use a hard stone on a

00:19:01

soft one you know you use a stone for a

00:19:04

stone tool you

00:19:06

have to hit a lot of

00:19:09

grooves and blows turn a simple

00:19:12

stone into a Hammer

00:19:14

It’s not easy, yes But they probably did

00:19:17

it very quickly

00:19:18

I think that it allowed

00:19:21

most of the work to be done

00:19:23

he can work for so many hours and not get

00:19:26

tired

00:19:27

now Brown will try out the tools

00:19:33

they will try to carve out the mysteriously

00:19:35

missing part of the sphinx his nose is

00:19:40

said to have been broken off

00:19:42

Napoleon's soldiers practicing shooting

00:19:47

but this is not the case

00:19:49

300 years before Napoleon an Arab historian

00:19:53

notes that nose No, it seems to me we can

00:19:56

assume that it was deliberately broken off

00:19:59

deep in the bridge of the nose. The wedge was killed and there is another

00:20:02

one at the left nostril.

00:20:06

Probably someone specially dressed in white and

00:20:09

broke off the nose of the statue.

00:20:12

The original nose was lost long ago.

00:20:17

Using only stone hammers and

00:20:20

copper chisels, let’s start working

00:20:24

from a two-meter piece. hard

00:20:26

limestone they will try to cut a nose a

00:20:29

third the size of the original we will

00:20:32

make the nose with these tools

00:20:36

These are the ones I came up with yes

00:20:39

[music]

00:20:44

They quickly discover that in the initial

00:20:46

stages hard stone is much more

00:20:48

effective soft copper

00:20:51

I think this indicates that the

00:20:54

more primitive pestle was more

00:20:56

effective

00:20:57

[music]

00:21:00

But even the additional help did not

00:21:02

allow them to make a noticeable mark

00:21:04

on the stone after a few hours

00:21:08

will Brownie Raynor be able to carve but with

00:21:11

these ancient tools

00:21:13

[music]

00:21:22

zahi hawas the secretary general of the Supreme

00:21:25

Council of Antiquities is the

00:21:28

official guardian of the sphinx

00:21:31

I want to know how he was created he

00:21:34

examined this colossal cat from

00:21:36

head to toe

00:21:39

thanks to geology he knows that it was

00:21:42

carved right on the spot

00:21:44

why the lower part seems to be created from

00:21:47

blocks like the pyramids

00:21:50

hawas studies their size and shape looking for

00:21:53

answers

00:21:54

if you look at the two paws of the sphinx this is a

00:21:58

typical stone used by the Romans in the

00:22:02

thirties year BC

00:22:05

they added it

00:22:09

between the paws of the Sphinx Zahi Hawass

00:22:13

discovers blocks belonging to four

00:22:16

different periods

00:22:17

this is 30 BC this is 1550

00:22:23

BC And this is 2600 BC

00:22:29

you conclude that the Egyptians, Greeks and

00:22:33

Romans covered the Sphinx with stone blocks for thousands of years

00:22:38

[music]

00:22:39

but for what

00:22:42

[music] the

00:22:45

answer to this can be found thanks to the

00:22:47

secret dangerous force that attacked the

00:22:49

limestone from which the body of the

00:22:51

sphinx and the surrounding trench were created

00:22:57

all this was once the seabed

00:23:00

50 million years ago It was the sea

00:23:04

Of course There is a lot of salt here

00:23:08

when the groundwater rises it

00:23:10

seeps through the stone and draw the

00:23:12

salt to the surface where it

00:23:14

crystallizes and expands

00:23:17

the results are disastrous for the sphinx I do

00:23:21

n’t like it but this is a natural process

00:23:22

on the wall nearby the

00:23:27

flakes fall and crumble

00:23:31

that’s what happens to his body

00:23:34

this process

00:23:36

turns the sphinx into dust

00:23:42

since the day it was built

00:23:44

the Sphinx gradually turned into dust

00:23:48

[music]

00:23:50

stone blocks built by the Egyptians,

00:23:53

Greeks and Romans were supposed to protect

00:23:56

and hide this body, especially the more

00:23:58

vulnerable part, carved from soft

00:24:01

limestone

00:24:06

they have been working for several days but

00:24:08

copper chisels and stone pestles hardly

00:24:11

leave a mark on the stone unless Brown and his

00:24:14

comrades figure out how to speed it up

00:24:16

work, it’s unlikely that they will cut a nose out of

00:24:19

such a stone in the near future

00:24:23

[music]

00:24:26

Brown can only resort to tricks,

00:24:34

but you caught us,

00:24:36

we worked with stone for a long time using

00:24:39

Egyptian tools, but then we decided to

00:24:41

switch to modern ones, it’s much

00:24:44

faster.

00:24:45

Of course, electric tools are

00:24:47

faster than ancient ones, but what’s surprising is that that the

00:24:50

process has not changed much since ancient

00:24:52

times

00:24:53

[music] the

00:24:56

Egyptians usually made parallel ones,

00:25:01

then they took a flat chisel and knocked out the

00:25:04

excess material between the grooves, a

00:25:08

pneumatic chisel with a

00:25:10

carbide tip makes

00:25:12

2,000 blows per minute

00:25:15

and the copper chisel of the ancient Egyptians

00:25:17

would withstand only fifty blows

00:25:22

look when I made about 10

00:25:25

centimeters my tool has already become

00:25:28

unusable

00:25:34

Every time the Tool becomes dull

00:25:36

we need to return to the fire and heat it up the

00:25:40

metal softens we give it shape again

00:25:45

[music]

00:25:53

Brown's tools become dull

00:25:55

incredibly quickly

00:25:57

[music]

00:26:02

he moves the brazier closer to the cutting site

00:26:06

we We moved the brazier closer to the stones

00:26:09

because the copper chisel

00:26:10

wears out quickly, and now we can immediately

00:26:13

sharpen them as soon as they wear out and

00:26:15

start working again

00:26:21

[music]

00:26:23

Brown found out that the process requires a lot of

00:26:25

time and copper tools and

00:26:29

has little effect on the stone

00:26:31

[music]

00:26:36

It’s hard to imagine that from this piece of

00:26:38

stone it will ever be possible to make a nose,

00:26:41

even one third the size of the

00:26:43

original nose of the sphinx, it is

00:26:45

even more difficult to imagine how the

00:26:48

great sphinx was carved

00:26:51

[music]

00:26:54

only a pharaoh could do this, the question is

00:26:57

which of them

00:27:05

the location of the sphinx indicates its

00:27:07

connection with the pyramids

00:27:10

the one who built the pyramids probably

00:27:13

created it from the Sphinx,

00:27:16

but the fact is that the Sphinx is located

00:27:18

between two pyramids that were

00:27:20

built by different pharaohs, the

00:27:24

first largest pyramid

00:27:26

belongs to Cheops, who ruled in the region of

00:27:28

2500 BC, his son Khafre

00:27:31

built a second smaller pyramid,

00:27:37

one of the leading Egyptologists believes that

00:27:40

the head of the sphinx depicts the pharaoh

00:27:41

who built it;

00:27:45

Stadolman compares the face of the sphinx with

00:27:47

the faces of the pharaohs, hoping to find his

00:27:49

double

00:27:51

[music]

00:27:56

he turns to the only

00:27:58

indisputable portrait of Cheops, a

00:28:00

small Ivory figurine.

00:28:03

This is something incredible and I am so excited

00:28:07

that we can open it;

00:28:10

it was not removed by glass. Museums in Cairo

00:28:13

for 30 years

00:28:16

I can’t believe that we were allowed

00:28:19

to do this, this figurine is a

00:28:22

real masterpiece,

00:28:28

everything is done in such detail, so many details

00:28:33

and you can compare it with the huge Sphinx, the

00:28:39

face, in my opinion, is identical to the face of the Sphinx,

00:28:44

it’s a Square face,

00:28:47

a bit gloomy and bulging eyes,

00:28:52

but there is also less subjective hint,

00:28:56

unlike his son Khafre, the builder of the

00:28:58

second pyramid

00:28:59

did not wear a beard

00:29:16

on Mark Leiner finds evidence

00:29:19

that the Sphinx previously had a beard,

00:29:22

he believes that the Sphinx depicts Khafre

00:29:25

[music]

00:29:29

the original beard may serve as an

00:29:31

explanation for this protrusion on the chest of the

00:29:33

Sphinx

00:29:34

[music]

00:29:35

he starts here and just in the right

00:29:39

place to maintain a long beard

00:29:43

[music]

00:29:45

the debate continues

00:29:49

who is the Sphinx

00:29:51

or his son Afra

00:29:57

this question cannot be resolved only by

00:29:59

comparing facial features for

00:30:10

more than 4000 years this mysterious creature

00:30:14

has excited the imagination of kings and

00:30:17

emperors, poets and artists

00:30:21

and even presidents

00:30:28

today the Sphinx personifies Egypt and its

00:30:32

age-old secrets.

00:30:36

But what did it mean for the ancient Egyptians? The

00:30:43

ancient kingdom fell and the Giza plateau became an

00:30:46

abandoned necropolis.

00:30:48

The Sphinx and the pyramids were forgotten.

00:30:52

Almost a thousand years passed and the power

00:30:55

of the pharaohs was revived in the period called the

00:30:57

new kingdom,

00:31:00

which began in 1500

00:31:04

BC. over centuries, winds and precipitation affected the

00:31:07

fragile body of the Sphinx, the

00:31:11

sands of the desert buried him up to his neck

00:31:15

[music]

00:31:23

further recorded in hieroglyphs on a

00:31:26

giant granite Stella weighing 15

00:31:28

tons located between his paws

00:31:34

there is written down the Tale of the hero who saved the

00:31:37

Sphinx,

00:31:40

the young Tsarevich cleared the sands from the

00:31:43

Sphinx and rewarded him by making him king

00:31:47

his name was

00:31:48

Thutmose

00:31:50

Who was the first restorer on earth

00:31:53

I believe it was that bridge 4

00:31:56

he ordered his subjects to erect

00:31:59

two huge walls of brick to

00:32:03

protect the sphinx from the sand

00:32:07

opposite the left thigh of the sphinx and in

00:32:10

the trench there are the remains of a brick

00:32:12

wall

00:32:14

on some bricks the name of Thutmose was left

00:32:20

originally it was covered with plaster

00:32:23

and reached 8 meters in height

00:32:28

restore the damaged body of the Sphinx

00:32:30

here the bridge placed large stone blocks

00:32:33

on its paws Look at these stones these

00:32:37

large stones were added during the

00:32:39

New Kingdom period

00:32:44

and this Stella indicates what the Sphinx

00:32:48

meant to the Egyptians of that period

00:32:50

[music ]

00:32:53

when the kings wanted to capture

00:32:57

something eternal forever,

00:32:59

they wrote hieroglyphs on huge

00:33:01

steles

00:33:03

like this

00:33:08

Shpakovskaya translates two key

00:33:10

hieroglyphs, here you can see something similar to a

00:33:14

bird this is the sign of the Falcon this is the name of the choir

00:33:20

choir depicted by a falcon one of the most

00:33:24

senior and important gods of the Egyptian

00:33:26

pantheon, the

00:33:28

Egyptians considered the pharaoh to be the embodiment

00:33:30

of the choir

00:33:32

[music]

00:33:34

below him is the akhed symbol The horizon has two mountains

00:33:39

on the sides and the Sun disk in the center a

00:33:44

combination of hieroglyphs Falcon gives the name of the

00:33:48

Egyptian God guarding the gates to the

00:33:50

underworld

00:33:52

choir On the horizon this is

00:33:57

who the sphinx was in the new kingdom

00:34:03

[music]

00:34:05

for the ancients for the Egyptians, the Horizon embodied the

00:34:08

gateway to the underworld

00:34:10

as the Sun sets beyond the horizon and

00:34:12

rises again so they are reborn and people

00:34:15

believed that

00:34:18

as the guardian of the underworld, the Sphinx

00:34:21

was very important

00:34:25

here, the bridge cleared it of Sand, not only

00:34:29

saved the Sphinx,

00:34:31

he saved God,

00:34:36

he did not stop there,

00:34:40

detailed research the face of the sphinx

00:34:42

showed that traces of blue paint remained near the ear,

00:34:49

which suggests that the bridge here

00:34:52

painted the sphinx according to the rules of the new

00:34:54

kingdom.

00:34:56

We are used to seeing the sphinx as a sandy

00:34:59

monument in the desert,

00:35:02

but at its best during the period of the new

00:35:05

kingdom.

00:35:06

It was a very bright structure

00:35:09

painted in colors like from comics

00:35:12

[music] the

00:35:17

face was probably red, most likely the

00:35:21

headdress was yellow and blue

00:35:24

and it was the coloring of the sphinx that probably

00:35:28

enlivened it for the Egyptians

00:35:31

[music]

00:35:34

the great sphinx, revered as God,

00:35:36

guarded the gates to the underworld and the statue of

00:35:40

his Savior Thutmose stood on the edge of the lab,

00:35:44

looking at the royal temple

00:35:51

he was protected from the wind and the Sands by a high

00:35:54

wall

00:35:55

and enlivened by bright colors

00:35:59

[music]

00:36:00

[applause]

00:36:01

[music]

00:36:02

[applause]

00:36:05

[music]

00:36:07

during the reign of Thutmose in the new

00:36:10

kingdom comes only a thousand years

00:36:12

after the creation of the Sphinx

00:36:15

for him from the Sphinx and its Builder already

00:36:18

were ancient history

00:36:23

So what did the Sphinx mean to the

00:36:25

original creator of the pharaoh Cheops

00:36:28

or his son Khafre

00:36:36

Mark leiner returns to the temple of the sphinx

00:36:38

to solve the mystery The

00:36:43

ruins of the temple are located 9 meters from the

00:36:46

Lab of the sphinx there

00:36:51

leiner discovers mysterious columns

00:36:53

a little like Stonehenge

00:36:56

such columns 24

00:36:58

leonar Believes that they are associated with 24

00:37:01

hours in a day. It seems that this was one

00:37:04

of the early temples of the sun;

00:37:10

this is also indicated by two internal

00:37:12

sanctuaries on opposite sides of the

00:37:15

temple;

00:37:16

this niche or sanctuary is

00:37:19

symmetrically located relative to the

00:37:21

other in the west; two niches determined the axis of the

00:37:25

temple, probably for sunrise in the

00:37:29

East and sunset in the west

00:37:36

during the spring and autumn

00:37:38

equinoxes When day and night are equal to

00:37:40

each other

00:37:43

the sun has formed a line between the

00:37:45

eastern and western sanctuaries of the temple

00:37:52

the sun moves towards the horizon and

00:37:55

passes over the shoulder of the sphinx along with the

00:37:58

great pyramids

00:37:59

[music]

00:38:01

these two niches are located in line

00:38:04

with the south side of the second pyramid It

00:38:08

passes through the shoulder of the sphinx it is there that

00:38:11

the sun set on the day of the equinox

00:38:17

setting on a certain day of the sun

00:38:19

connects the temple of the sphinx with the pyramid of khafre

00:38:29

[music]

00:38:31

and since the temple of the sphinx and the Sphinx itself were

00:38:35

built at the same time

00:38:37

they were probably created by the same

00:38:40

pharaoh This line is astronomical

00:38:44

alignment indicates that the temple of the

00:38:46

Sphinx was created during the reign of Khafre,

00:38:50

builder of the second pyramid

00:38:52

[music]

00:38:58

[applause]

00:39:00

the sun played an important role in the religion of the

00:39:02

Old Kingdom

00:39:06

ancient Egyptian drawings depict God

00:39:08

supporting the solar disk as it

00:39:11

sets across the horizon into the underworld

00:39:14

This was one of of the early gods of Egypt, the

00:39:17

two-headed Leo Aker,

00:39:23

if you compare these data, it becomes

00:39:27

clear and the original meaning of the sphinx

00:39:32

and his personality

00:39:35

for the builders of the ancient kingdom, the sphinx in the

00:39:38

form of a Leo personified the king as the

00:39:40

ackersphinx was God the guardian of the

00:39:43

horizon of the gates to the underworld. The

00:39:47

solar line on the day of the equinox

00:39:49

reveals a close connection between the Sphinx and

00:39:52

his temple and pyramid of Khafre,

00:39:57

their only purpose was the

00:40:00

safe journey of the pharaoh to the

00:40:02

afterlife,

00:40:08

the face of Khafre looks at us with the sphinxes

00:40:11

that protected the Mummy of the king On the journey

00:40:14

to the pyramid, following the path of the sun Beyond

00:40:18

the horizon

00:40:24

[music]

00:40:30

and in new England, Rick Brown finally

00:40:32

completes a smaller version of the nose

00:40:35

of the sphinx

00:40:37

they will finish it with ancient

00:40:39

brass chisels I hope to find out how long the

00:40:42

process of creating the big sphinx took

00:40:46

Hi Rick

00:40:48

Mark

00:40:49

How did you guys work for two weeks two

00:40:53

weeks all day without a day off

00:40:58

we turned out pretty good I would

00:41:01

like to know how many hours it took to

00:41:03

create the nose Because that's how we we can

00:41:07

imagine how long the work on the

00:41:09

construction of the Great Sphinx took, although

00:41:11

Brown sometimes resorted to modern

00:41:13

devices to speed up the work. He

00:41:16

carefully noted how long it

00:41:17

would have taken using only ancient

00:41:20

tools,

00:41:21

we calculated that we did about 200

00:41:24

blows in 5 minutes over and over again and

00:41:28

kept this pace

00:41:30

by measuring the amount of stone cut off, he

00:41:33

can calculate how much it was taken by one

00:41:35

worker

00:41:37

to remove 930 square centimeters, a

00:41:44

scale drawing of the liner helps

00:41:46

to calculate how much stone was chipped from the

00:41:48

sphinx,

00:41:49

this large block and this one, take them

00:41:53

there

00:41:54

after that, long calculations begin

00:41:56

that will tell how long it took to

00:41:58

create the entire sphinx

00:42:01

we use this data and multiply it by a

00:42:04

hundred workers. How did it turn

00:42:05

out to be a million,

00:42:07

somewhere around a million hours, a

00:42:10

million people hours to create a

00:42:14

large Sphinx?

00:42:15

It’s amazing if this million hours are

00:42:19

distributed over 100 people. It turns out that

00:42:22

hundreds of carvers working on the Sphinx

00:42:24

would take three years,

00:42:28

that workers and three years on cutting out

00:42:31

Brown's reduced nose, Leinar learned that

00:42:33

these 100 people working for three years were

00:42:35

only part of a larger project,

00:42:39

to build a large sphinx

00:42:42

would require an army of workers to

00:42:45

chop wood and keep the fires burning in the

00:42:47

forges, make tools and get stuck

00:42:49

carrying them and remove huge stones

00:42:52

creating the sphinxes

00:42:56

[ music]

00:43:00

people were the main resource in ancient

00:43:03

Egypt this is how the pyramids were built this is how the

00:43:06

sphinx was built

00:43:08

These people created not only the monuments

00:43:12

that we admire and to this day the

00:43:16

distribution of all the human and

00:43:19

natural resources to build this

00:43:21

monumental complex in Giza must

00:43:23

have greatly affected the economy of

00:43:25

Egypt

00:43:26

the pyramids from the Sphinx also helped

00:43:30

to build Egypt, just like the Egyptians built the

00:43:34

creation of the pyramids from the sphinx helped to

00:43:37

build Egypt

00:43:40

clues to the riddle of the sphinx were hidden in plain

00:43:43

sight there

00:43:45

were clues in geology in the

00:43:48

archaeological records in the changes in the

00:43:50

landscape that the ancient

00:43:53

Egyptians resorted to to build monuments like the

00:43:55

sphinx

00:43:58

animals

00:44:01

man

00:44:03

and God

00:44:06

carved from the earth itself and

00:44:10

inspiring the imagination of people at all

00:44:13

times,

00:44:15

the great sphinx achieved what

00:44:18

its creators dreamed of, it achieved

00:44:22

eternal life

00:44:23

[music]

00:44:27

program voiced by ark TV studio text

00:44:31

read by Igor Taradaikin

00:44:35

[music]

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Документальный фильм National Geographic Тайны древнего Египта Приятного просмотра В видео содержится контент, защищенный авторским правом. Я не являюсь правообладателем данного видео. Доход от рекламы получает правообладатель. древнего египта, находки, саркофаг, артефакт, кто построил пирамиды, тайны вселенной, history, древние пришельцы, туризм в египте, national geographic, платогиза, видео лаи, интересное, путешествия, рамзес, архитектура, лаи, тайны древних цивилизаций, таинственное, скоровища, документальные фильмы hd, вселенная, тайна, документальная коллекция, тайны древности, духи, скифы, загадки вселенной, древние высокоразвитые цивилизации, картер, гробница, египтологи, фараоны, фараон раскопки проклятие, загадки истории, шокирующая тайна, проклятие фараонов, древние боги, земля, топ, загадки пирамид, египтология, египет пирамиды, пирамиды гизы, высокоразвитые цивилизации, pyramid, гробница тутанхамона, как строили пирамиды, документальный фильм, egypt, тайные знания, древнего, жрецы, редкой, шар, инструмент, расцвет, movie, закрыли, загадок, стоит посмотреть, хеопса, десять, скрывают, история древнего мира, earth, власти, documentary, познавательное, египте, иерофанта.египта, ученые, interesting, тайн, оружие богов, кто это, создатель, предки, обнаружили мумию, сенсация, обнаружена мумия пришельца, загадка сфинкса, непознанный мир, пришельцы, боги, инопланетные цивилизации, древние ар, правда о пирамидах, сенсационные находки археологов,

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