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Происхождение. Как появилась жизнь на планете Земля? Документальный фильм | Мифы эволюции

Происхождение. Как появилась жизнь на планете Земля? Документальный фильм | Мифы эволюции

Channel: Hope Channel HMG

телеканал надія

християнський канал

християнство

Дарвин

космос

начало

Библия

Бог

творение

клетка

митоз

звезда

созвездие

вода

Земля

планета земля

Вселенная

Млечный путь

Происхождение

Origin

креационизм

креаціонізм

міфи еволюції

еволюція

мифы эволюции

эволюция

креационизм доказательство

креационизм аргументы

религия и наука

салтаненко

разоблачение эволюции

конспирология

вера

религия

теория эволюции

дарвин

наука мифы

эволюция мифы

атеизм

міфиеволюції

телеканалнадія

документальнийфільм

00:00:01

and chandelier media presents

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[music]

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astronomers estimate that the diameter of the

00:00:39

observable universe exceeds 90

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billion light years;

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it is more than 500 billion trillion

00:00:47

miles from one end of space to the other;

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the universe contains at

00:01:02

least 170 billion galaxies with so

00:01:04

many stars and planets

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that there are more than grains of sand on all the

00:01:09

beaches of the world

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[music]

00:01:19

located in this cosmic ocean, a

00:01:21

sphere of water and stone is home to

00:01:24

more than eight million species of living

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organisms

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this reality has inspired the emergence of

00:01:34

many hypotheses, countless theories and

00:01:36

one very interesting question

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[music]

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what was the probability that on the

00:01:47

third planet from the sun in a rotating

00:01:49

spiral arm of the galaxy, the milky way

00:01:52

could one day come into being,

00:01:58

he was just incredibly lucky or there was

00:02:01

something more than blind chance and

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arbitrary interaction of matter and

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energy

00:02:09

origin

00:02:11

[music]

00:02:14

part 1

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design chance and 1 life on earth

00:02:23

[applause ] it is

00:02:43

very easy for us as inhabitants of the earth

00:02:46

to take life for granted and in

00:02:49

fact and abundance has spoiled us,

00:02:59

climate and geographical factors

00:03:01

maintain a biosphere that

00:03:03

is perhaps unique in the universe and there is

00:03:06

practically no place where it is

00:03:08

so hot or cold or it is

00:03:10

so remote that living organisms cannot

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could flourish

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[music]

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amid this impressive diversity

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perhaps the biggest question

00:03:25

science has ever faced comes

00:03:27

from every redwood insect and whale how the

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first life appeared at a time

00:03:32

when there was no life yet

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how life on earth began

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where we begin What I mean is that

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there are dozens of theories and you find an

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incredible variety of opinions many

00:03:52

of which contradict each other to

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simply try to solve the mystery you

00:03:58

have to make a guess about

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what happened in the distant past there is no

00:04:03

direct evidence because no one

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was there to observe this event and

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there is virtually no evidence in the

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fossil record what we never

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see is how nonliving

00:04:16

chemicals spontaneously form

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a cell so essentially we have a

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field of study where the major events have

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already occurred the

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early history of the earth is

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truly an incomplete narrative

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nonetheless despite the absence

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material evidence, most

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scientists believe that life appeared

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when, under the influence of energies from

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inanimate matter in the ocean crust and

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atmosphere of the planet, the

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building blocks for the first

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self-reproducing green began to be created

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when you approach the problem of the

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origin of life, the requirements are not the

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science itself about the underlying

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worldview, these requirements speak that

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to solve a problem you can

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use matter and energy, as well as the

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laws of nature, chaos and random processes,

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but this is all that is in your arsenal;

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what you are fundamentally not allowed to

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use

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according to the so-called rules of science is

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mind or intelligence

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if you had to give a name to this

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position then you couldn't come up with

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anything better than scientific materialism, a

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philosophy which says that the

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only acceptable explanation

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must be that but only in terms of

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matter and energy and if you can't

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solve the problem with those

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tools you're not allowed to change the rules

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and so on from that point of view how

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life appeared only thanks to matter and energy

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let's try to solve the problem

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cell model all living things that

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have ever existed on earth are made up

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of cells and the clues to the

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origin are in a complex

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set of molecular devices

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inside a eukaryotic cell complex

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biological mechanisms work in a

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liquid environment

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each of These molecular devices

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are not a living structure, but together they

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provide growth, movement, metabolism and

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reproduction, the most important manifestations of life,

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each component in this cellular

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factory is made of large complex

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molecules and the most numerous of them

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are proteins;

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proteins are functionally diverse but

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are created on the basis of genetic

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information copied from an untwisted

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thread DNA

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[music]

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accelerate a chemical reaction with an exact

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match between the enzyme protein and the substrate of

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the reaction control the passage of

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electrolytes and nutrients through the

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cell membrane

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[music]

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transport containers with cargo on

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rails also built from proteins

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which are constantly assembled in those

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places of the cell where they are needed

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increased by 500 thousand times a red

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blood cell contains 280 million

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hemoglobin protein molecules,

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each of which is designed to

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carry oxygen,

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by isolating one of them we find that

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each protein molecule consists of hundreds of

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smaller molecules called

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amino acids

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in living organisms there are 20

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different types of amino acids

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they form more than one hundred thousand different

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types of proteins with a specific chemical

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structure

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[music]

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protein formation begins when

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strictly defined amino acids are

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combined into a single chain, a

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process that is often compared to the

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grouping of letters into meaningful words and

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sentences

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[music]

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if these individual building blocks

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are assembled correctly, the chain folds

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into a protein completely ready for use perform

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their function in the cell

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[music]

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but if the amino acids are arranged in the

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wrong order, the chain will not

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fold and will eventually

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disintegrate. The

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simplest living cell contains at

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least 300 different types of proteins

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and the biological mechanisms necessary

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for growth, reproduction,

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energy conversion, storage and processing of

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genetic information a also, to

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protect the contents of the cell from the external

00:08:53

environment, the

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same components and functions should

00:08:58

have been in the first living cell.

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Now let's apply this basic

00:09:07

chemistry to the well-known theory of the origin of

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life.

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Scientists for a long time

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speculated about primeval oceans

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filled with amino acids that

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floated everywhere and collided like cars on

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autodrome perhaps some of these

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random collisions formed

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a chain long enough to

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fold into proteins

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in a dream amino acids connected you even

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more chains that

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folded into even more

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proteins

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at the same time other complex molecules

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including nucleic acids fats and

00:09:47

sugars also assembled the most important

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structures

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[music]

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then without plan instructions the right

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combination of molecules somehow

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came together in this chemical soup

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to form a membrane that

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enclosed all the specific

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devices necessary for

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cells to produce themselves

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and

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here we have life from nonliving matter

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you know it all sounds so logical

00:10:23

the problem is that on the early earth

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complexity living structure required

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for its existence must have been

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staggering because life as we

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know it is characterized by the presence of

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many molecular devices if you

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take away any of this necessary

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equipment the cell will cease

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to exist because there is a limit beyond

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which you cannot become simpler and

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still exist simpler in this case

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means death sometimes you can hear

00:10:51

criticism you cannot take the property of a

00:10:54

modern cell to extrapolate them into the

00:10:56

past because whatever the

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first cell was it was much simpler than

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what we see today well I can

00:11:03

play with this assumption let's describe the

00:11:05

first cell

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if you are going to become the first living

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cell you need a boundary membrane

00:11:14

that protects you from the environment

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this membrane must selectively

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allow certain

00:11:23

nutrients and starting material for fuel

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and energy to pass through

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you must also store a huge amount of

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genetic information in the helical

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strands of DNA

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these detailed instructions for

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the life of the cell are copied from with

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amazing accuracy,

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then in factories called ribosomes,

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this information is implemented into a chain of

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amino acids and complete proteins,

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finally you are equipped with everything necessary to

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reproduce future generations of cells,

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all living beings

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carry out these basic functions which

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essentially determine what it means to be

00:12:08

alive and that is how you were a cell in the past a

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very simple cell or a more complex

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cell today it doesn't matter you

00:12:18

have to perform these functions

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despite a huge obstacle the idea

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that vital substances

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once organized themselves into a living

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cell has been argued for at least

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150 years

00:12:51

in

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1871 Charles Darwin wrote a letter in

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which he depicted a warm small

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body of water filled with all the

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chemicals necessary to create life

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half a century later, the Russian biochemist

00:13:08

Alexander Oparin developed Darwin's ideas

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[music]

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in his book on the origin of life, he

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talked about the primeval broth and the

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gradual transition from simple

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chemical compounds to living cells

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then in 1952 year, this hypothesis

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was tried correctly

00:13:36

Stan Lee Miller, a graduate of

00:13:38

the University of Chicago, decided to find out whether the building blocks of life could be

00:13:41

formed in simple chemical reactions

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[music] the

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young scientist designed a glass

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apparatus simulating the ancient

00:13:52

water cycle and filled it with a mixture of gases that were

00:13:55

believed to make up the atmosphere of

00:13:57

primitive earth

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Miller heated the components then charged the

00:14:03

fashion gases electrically in Minsk to

00:14:06

cause hiding

00:14:10

after a few days in a glass

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container a tar-shaped garden was formed

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in it Miller discovered 4 of the 20

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amino acids that are inherent in protein for

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the first time in the proposed natural

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conditions from matter using

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energy a molecule was created that was

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crucial for life

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was enormous excitement when the

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result of Miller's experiment was first

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published because it seemed that it was

00:14:41

easy to obtain the building blocks of living

00:14:44

things and if it was not difficult to obtain the

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building blocks,

00:14:47

perhaps it was not so difficult to advance

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from these chemicals to the first

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living cells

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[music]

00:14:57

although innovative in its design,

00:14:59

Stanley Miller's experiment later

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appeared to be deeply flawed because he

00:15:03

took the wrong gases

00:15:05

without taking into account

00:15:06

nitrogen, carbon dioxide and oxygen, which

00:15:09

would have destroyed the molecule necessary for

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life on the early earth, but despite these

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mistakes, Miller's work inspired

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new attempts to recreate to

00:15:20

biological conditions

00:15:26

today after decades of research there is

00:15:28

hope for the quick and clear path to a

00:15:31

solution to the problem has long since faded away

00:15:33

yet the study of the question of the origin of

00:15:36

life

00:15:37

continues around the world the main

00:15:40

hypothesis that living cells arose from

00:15:42

chemicals is now known as

00:15:45

chemical evolution

00:15:48

chemical evolution comes with a lot of

00:15:50

baggage and if you are going to

00:15:52

take it seriously as

00:15:54

explanations of the origin of life then you

00:15:57

also need to take seriously

00:15:59

some fundamental principles

00:16:01

of biology

00:16:06

[music]

00:16:08

the molecules included in the living structure

00:16:11

have no intelligence they cannot foresee

00:16:15

they have no way of knowing what they

00:16:17

need to do next to assemble into a

00:16:19

living system

00:16:22

if I put amino acids in a test tube in

00:16:25

in my laboratory

00:16:26

even if I add heat and

00:16:28

shake it well and continue to do

00:16:30

so for a hundred years or a thousand years or

00:16:33

10 thousand years or a million years nothing

00:16:36

will happen

00:16:38

amino acids nucleotides lipids

00:16:41

themselves they are not living they are inert they do not

00:16:45

reproduce they do not store information

00:16:47

and essentially they are not intelligent

00:16:50

they didn't wake up in the morning they said hey

00:16:53

let's all get together and build a

00:16:55

cell that can

00:16:56

reproduce itself that didn't happen

00:16:58

chemicals don't care if something is alive

00:17:01

or not

00:17:06

natural selection won't work

00:17:08

to make the first cell because

00:17:10

it can't act if he does not have an

00:17:12

investigative apparatus and the ability

00:17:14

to control the variability of traits and

00:17:16

then select the fittest

00:17:18

organism and move on for selection

00:17:20

you need cells for

00:17:24

this if you are trying to explain their

00:17:26

origin

00:17:27

you cannot use selection

00:17:29

because selection requires the existence of exactly

00:17:31

whose origin you are trying to

00:17:33

explain natural selection must

00:17:36

work on cells that have a

00:17:38

genetic apparatus and are capable of

00:17:41

reproduction

00:17:42

without this natural selection does not

00:17:45

exist

00:17:46

[music]

00:17:51

self-organization is the idea that

00:17:54

chemical substances can

00:17:56

somehow organize themselves, which

00:17:58

turns them into objects with

00:18:00

information and purposeful actions

00:18:04

molecules and atoms can

00:18:06

self-organize in only one

00:18:08

sense, take for example salt salt

00:18:13

contains sodium and chlorine ions and they

00:18:16

interact with each other because

00:18:18

they have positive and negative

00:18:20

charges

00:18:23

[music]

00:18:24

so natural attraction

00:18:27

leads to the formation of many molecules of

00:18:29

sodium chloride which are then ordered and

00:18:32

assemble themselves to form crystal

00:18:33

lattice salt crystals are the same

00:18:37

molecules of sodium chloride arranged in the same way

00:18:40

in a crystal lattice

00:18:42

if a crystal were a book it would be a

00:18:45

book 1 word regular repetitions in

00:18:47

geometric shapes like this do not

00:18:50

carry the necessary information information

00:18:52

that you will need say to

00:18:54

create a protein the

00:18:56

sequence that we see in

00:18:57

a protein very irregularly it is impossible

00:19:00

to predict which amino acid will

00:19:03

follow the one you have already seen

00:19:05

so the self-organization that we

00:19:07

see in nature is not a process

00:19:10

that can lead to the construction of

00:19:12

information-rich structures in living

00:19:14

beings

00:19:15

[music]

00:19:19

so once you eliminate

00:19:22

the natural selection and self-organization and

00:19:24

you understand that molecules are not able not to

00:19:27

think not to plan ahead, chance

00:19:30

rears its ugly head

00:19:32

and scientists hate cases

00:19:35

as an explanation of the origin of life

00:19:37

in relation to the origin of life and the

00:19:39

random formation of large

00:19:41

biomolecules, the theory of probability provides a

00:19:44

limit for chance as a

00:19:46

creative force on the primitive earth

00:19:52

for example, what is the chance that only

00:19:54

through blind chemical interactions

00:19:56

can a single protein be formed?

00:20:02

Our task is to obtain one of the molecules

00:20:05

smaller than the average protein molecule and

00:20:07

consisting of 100-50 amino acids

00:20:09

connected in such a way as to

00:20:11

ensure the folding of the chain.

00:20:13

Researchers have calculated that on ancient

00:20:16

earth the probability of success of such an operation

00:20:18

was equal to to one in ten to the

00:20:21

164th power this means that we have

00:20:25

one correctly constructed protein chain

00:20:28

for every 100 million trillion trillion trillion trillion trillion trillion trillion trillion trillion trillion trillion trillion trillion

00:20:34

trillion

00:20:35

failed attempts

00:20:40

but despite this probability

00:20:41

some theorists argue that

00:20:44

given enough time everything

00:20:46

is possible well let's check

00:20:49

the validity of this point of view

00:20:53

we will start by creating an ideal environment for

00:20:55

chemical evolution an

00:20:58

imaginary world that will provide every

00:21:00

opportunity for success

00:21:06

firstly we fill the ocean and with

00:21:08

amino acids

00:21:10

this means that all the atoms on earth are

00:21:13

included in the reserve nature of nitrogen

00:21:15

oxygen hydrogen and sulfur provided

00:21:18

to form 1040 first degree

00:21:20

complete sets of 20 types of amino acids

00:21:23

use them to build proteins

00:21:26

[music]

00:21:31

then we change the laws of nature to

00:21:33

protect these building blocks from

00:21:35

damaging ultraviolet rays and

00:21:37

chemical pollution in the primordial

00:21:40

soup

00:21:43

now let's give free rein to the chemical

00:21:45

reactions and see what happens

00:21:55

amino acids begin to frantically

00:21:57

bind to each other in our

00:21:59

experiment, the chain is complete and 150

00:22:01

units are assembled in just one second

00:22:05

[music]

00:22:08

due to the fact that all 20 types of amino acids

00:22:11

are available in all places, the probability

00:22:13

that a given place in the chain will be occupied by the desired

00:22:16

molecule is 5 percent or one

00:22:18

chance out of 20,

00:22:20

if the sequence of amino acids is

00:22:22

incorrect, the chain immediately breaks down

00:22:25

and begins to reassemble

00:22:31

six thousand million billion trillion

00:22:33

trillion attempts will

00:22:35

occur throughout the planet every

00:22:38

minute,

00:22:42

this means that after 4.6 billion years of the

00:22:46

longest estimated age of the earth,

00:22:48

the number of incorrect chains that do not

00:22:51

fold into a complete one protein

00:22:53

will exceed 10 to the fifty-eighth power,

00:22:56

this is a staggering current but very far

00:23:00

from 10 to the one hundred and sixty-fourth power

00:23:02

the number of attempts required on average

00:23:05

to randomly create a protein and 150

00:23:08

amino acids

00:23:10

so if random chemical

00:23:12

reactions can produce the desired

00:23:14

molecule throughout the history of the earth

00:23:16

then how many time needed

00:23:18

to find out let's go on a

00:23:22

journey

00:23:23

we'll start by building a bridge that

00:23:26

spans the entire diameter of the observable

00:23:27

universe over 90 billion

00:23:31

light years away

00:23:35

then we'll place an amoeba at one end of

00:23:38

the bridge this single celled organism will

00:23:41

travel at an eye-popping

00:23:43

speed of

00:23:45

30 centimeters per year

00:23:48

[music ]

00:23:50

and everyone

00:23:53

[music]

00:23:56

waiting for one protein to be accidentally formed the

00:23:58

amoeba glides forward for over five

00:24:01

billion billion billion years

00:24:03

to cross the entire universe and then

00:24:06

return

00:24:08

but the race has just begun the

00:24:13

amoeba sets off again

00:24:17

successfully reaches the far edge of space

00:24:21

then returns home

00:24:24

yet none functional protein is

00:24:26

nowhere to be seen

00:24:29

[music]

00:24:32

on the next journey we will add

00:24:34

payload 1a

00:24:43

after traveling another 500 billion trillion

00:24:45

miles the amoeba sheds its spirit

00:24:48

and returns to take

00:24:53

even more

00:24:57

not the prices it is back after it is formed

00:24:59

on the happy protein of course

00:25:03

in fact it will complete another 10

00:25:06

journeys back and forth for team

00:25:09

20100

00:25:12

thousand

00:25:14

and still no sign of

00:25:16

usable molecules

00:25:21

the amoeba continues to travel back

00:25:23

and forth until it transports all the

00:25:25

atoms on earth

00:25:28

then all the atoms in our solar

00:25:31

system

00:25:33

then the atoms of each planet and star of the

00:25:37

milky way galaxy one by one atom

00:25:39

at a time,

00:25:41

in fact, while we wait for

00:25:44

one protein to form on its own, the amoeba will have so

00:25:47

much time that moving at a speed of

00:25:48

only 30 centimeters per year and transporting

00:25:51

one atom there and then returning

00:25:53

back, it will transport the entire

00:25:56

universe more than fifty-six

00:25:59

million times. how long

00:26:02

will it take for chance to build one

00:26:04

functional protein

00:26:10

suppose against all odds that chemical

00:26:13

evolution produced our only

00:26:14

functional protein arose and for life

00:26:18

there is no we will have 1 protein

00:26:21

just a lifeless chain of amino acids the

00:26:24

simplest living cell known to us

00:26:26

contains more than 300 different

00:26:29

proteins but proteins are only part of the deal is

00:26:31

when you look at any real

00:26:34

cell remember that you have to have

00:26:36

carbohydrates complex sugars nucleic

00:26:39

acids DNA and RNA lipids a whole bunch of

00:26:42

different chemicals that

00:26:44

together make up a living organism

00:26:47

[music]

00:26:48

all of these bits and pieces have to be

00:26:51

transferred into the same thing at the same time

00:26:54

microenvironment, then each chemical

00:26:57

building block must be assembled and

00:27:00

built into a complex of molecular

00:27:01

devices that will control

00:27:04

every aspect of life.

00:27:08

If we can understand how difficult it is to create a

00:27:12

single molecular machine

00:27:17

using nothing but atoms of energy,

00:27:21

we will see that there is a serious

00:27:23

problem because if you

00:27:25

only have one molecular mechanism you

00:27:28

don't have a living organism this molecular

00:27:31

mechanism needs other molecular

00:27:33

mechanisms and even if nature were

00:27:36

capable of producing all the necessary

00:27:38

molecular devices

00:27:40

it would still not be enough they

00:27:43

have to come together all together in this

00:27:46

tiny membrane-bounded

00:27:48

space that we call a cell

00:27:50

from my understanding of what is needed to

00:27:53

create a cell is that everything must happen at

00:27:55

the same time, you cannot do it in

00:27:58

parts because everything works together in a

00:28:00

cause-and-effect relationship, a

00:28:02

higher level of organization of the system

00:28:04

exceeds the level of organization and

00:28:06

individual parts; spatial

00:28:08

organization in cells requires that the

00:28:10

molecule turned out to have in the right place at the

00:28:12

right time on the DNA matrix,

00:28:14

RNA polymerase is synthesized, which

00:28:16

catalyzes this synthesis, must find the

00:28:18

right place in the DNA to begin this

00:28:21

process, the RNA must somehow

00:28:23

connect with ribosomes, which must

00:28:25

be in a certain place, and the proteins

00:28:27

that are then produced must

00:28:29

end up in a specific place place is

00:28:31

too much to explain everything

00:28:33

by chance, the probability that you

00:28:36

get them in the same place at the

00:28:38

same time

00:28:42

becomes unthinkable

00:28:45

and the probability that they end up

00:28:48

inside a volume

00:28:49

limited by a membrane such as a cell

00:28:54

is the most impossible thing of all the impossible things

00:29:01

after that how luck ran out of luck the

00:29:03

search for a possible

00:29:05

materialistic explanation went in

00:29:07

several directions

00:29:10

theories include clayey

00:29:13

surfaces with cracks where organic

00:29:16

molecules could accumulate and

00:29:18

arrange themselves in a chain of nucleic

00:29:19

acids and amino acids

00:29:26

hydrothermal craters on the sea floor

00:29:28

spewing chemical building blocks

00:29:30

from underwater boilers heated to hundreds

00:29:32

degrees

00:29:36

and the primordial ocean and filled with RNA

00:29:38

multifunctional molecule are capable of

00:29:40

storing and reproducing genetic

00:29:43

information theoretically without the help of DNA

00:29:45

or proteins

00:29:47

[music]

00:29:50

such a proposal has aroused

00:29:52

considerable interest, however, each

00:29:55

of them faces the same

00:29:56

obstacle that destroyed the case of the

00:29:59

transformation of lifeless components into

00:30:02

complex biomolecules of the living organism,

00:30:05

this problem is clearly seen in the rmk world hypothesis, the

00:30:11

rna world is the idea that you can

00:30:14

link together enough

00:30:16

nucleotides to make a

00:30:18

long enough chain that can

00:30:20

copy itself and then once

00:30:23

copied do the same thing again and

00:30:26

again,

00:30:27

origin of life researchers suggest that

00:30:30

the most the first life arose only from

00:30:32

the market and that it could somehow

00:30:34

make its way to a larger world where

00:30:37

there are proteins and DNA, no one knows how this

00:30:39

could have happened since the advent of the world of the

00:30:43

market, the recognition of this theory has increased

00:30:46

despite numerous limitations,

00:30:48

including

00:30:52

[music]

00:30:54

if you just look at an

00:30:56

RNA molecule it seems like it's falling apart,

00:31:00

working with RNA is extremely difficult because

00:31:03

it is very fragile, it is designed

00:31:06

to temporarily store information and as a

00:31:09

result of its fragility it is

00:31:12

extremely unlikely

00:31:14

that it would be useful as

00:31:16

some kind of starting point for the emergence

00:31:19

of life in this way the market cannot

00:31:22

precede the first cell because

00:31:24

it must be enclosed by the contents of

00:31:26

the cell to be stable and to be

00:31:28

copied and to perform their

00:31:30

functions

00:31:32

today RNA molecules are synthesized in the

00:31:35

laboratory

00:31:37

for many biochemists these artificial

00:31:40

strands of nucleic acids are at

00:31:42

least partially confirmed

00:31:44

that one day chemical evolution

00:31:46

ignited life on the primitive earth if

00:31:50

you want to get RNA in the laboratory you

00:31:53

need to clean all surfaces, wash the

00:31:55

pipettes, put on special gloves and

00:31:58

then hope that you did not introduce

00:32:00

any contamination because if it

00:32:02

does then you will not get the RNA and then

00:32:05

you will have there is a problem of getting the right

00:32:07

sequence that needs to be solved

00:32:09

so you need scientists who

00:32:11

work hard to create the

00:32:13

RNA sequence try different

00:32:15

combinations and find one that can

00:32:17

copy itself so you

00:32:20

have to have a complex RNA that can

00:32:22

function in the system as

00:32:24

genetic material and in as an

00:32:26

enzyme but the best minds in the world are working on this

00:32:29

and they have not been able to solve the problem

00:32:33

by thinking about the origin of life and the

00:32:35

implications of artificial RNA, chemist Robert

00:32:39

Shapira noted the flaw of this kind of

00:32:42

research is not in chemistry, a

00:32:44

flaw in logic that the

00:32:47

experimental controls used in a modern

00:32:50

laboratory could have been available on

00:32:52

early earth

00:32:54

in reality the probability of

00:32:56

spontaneous formation of RNA is simply

00:32:59

astronomical

00:33:00

[music]

00:33:07

obtaining RNA in the laboratory requires

00:33:09

a lot of intelligence thoughtfulness

00:33:11

careful planning and execution

00:33:14

thus getting the correct

00:33:16

sequence without knowledge without a goal will

00:33:18

not happen the

00:33:22

probability of chemical evolution is

00:33:25

further reduced by the composition of the primordial

00:33:27

broth

00:33:32

if there really was a primordial the

00:33:34

broth is chemical it would be

00:33:37

absolute chaos there would be all sorts of

00:33:39

competing cross-reactions

00:33:41

that could have happened on the early

00:33:43

earth preventing the necessary chemical

00:33:45

reagents this means that molecules

00:33:48

that are not used by living

00:33:49

things are actually undesirable

00:33:52

for living things the conditions on the early

00:33:54

earth were unsuitable for life they are

00:33:57

unfavorable for the formation of bonds

00:33:59

necessary for the creation of biological

00:34:02

molecules and here a huge

00:34:05

problem arose because water breaks the bonds

00:34:08

that hold together the links of a

00:34:09

protein molecule water breaks the bonds

00:34:12

that hold together the links in

00:34:14

nucleic acids such as DNA water

00:34:17

breaks the bonds that hold

00:34:19

together the links in polysaccharide molecules

00:34:22

such as starch and cellulose so that the

00:34:24

origin of life could not have occurred in

00:34:26

water

00:34:32

Faced with insurmountable problems

00:34:34

on earth, some scientists expanded the

00:34:37

boundaries of their search

00:34:42

in 1976, Nobel Prize-winning biologist

00:34:45

Francis Crick put forward a radical

00:34:48

alternative hypothesis for the origin of

00:34:49

life

00:34:51

Crick suggested that our planet was

00:34:55

seeded with microscopic organisms

00:34:56

transferred from another part of the universe by an

00:34:59

alien civilization, this theory

00:35:02

is called the panspermia theory

00:35:06

[music]

00:35:08

five years later, physicist Fredrik Havel

00:35:10

proposed a modified version of

00:35:13

panspermia,

00:35:14

suggesting that strands of DNA were created by an

00:35:17

intelligence in a distant galaxy and then

00:35:19

spread like dandelion seeds on a

00:35:22

windy day,

00:35:23

some of this genetic material

00:35:27

fell to earth

00:35:28

[music]

00:35:33

another version of the theory popularized

00:35:36

by the discovery of a Martian

00:35:38

meteorite rock found in Antarctica

00:35:40

claims that microorganisms originated

00:35:42

somewhere in the galaxy and came to earth

00:35:45

through comets and asteroids

00:35:48

in some ways you could argue that the

00:35:51

panspermia theory is actually a

00:35:53

rejection of science because it puts the

00:35:56

problem beyond the realm of reality check

00:36:00

if science tells us that life

00:36:03

probably didn't arise on its own here

00:36:05

on earth

00:36:07

then it must have come from someone else

00:36:09

even if it sounds like a bad

00:36:12

horror movie from the 50's it came from

00:36:15

outer space

00:36:17

there is do I have difficulties with the

00:36:19

emergence of life on planet earth

00:36:21

because let's say the required atmosphere

00:36:24

is an impossibility from the point of view of

00:36:26

geology feathers cannot get a

00:36:28

sufficient number of biologically

00:36:29

significant molecules then the same problems

00:36:32

will exist on any other

00:36:34

planet where we postulate the emergence of

00:36:37

life we cannot remove Let's move them

00:36:40

to another part of the galaxy; the

00:36:46

point is that the theory of panspermia does not

00:36:48

solve the problem of the origin of life, it

00:36:51

simply moves it to another place. The

00:36:55

disadvantages of the theory of panspermia have led

00:36:58

some researchers to the theory of a

00:37:00

multiverse that goes far beyond the

00:37:03

scope of ordinary astronomy

00:37:05

[music]

00:37:08

according to this hypothesis

00:37:10

our the universe is not the only one,

00:37:13

on the contrary, billions and trillions of universes

00:37:16

were formed once as a result of

00:37:19

some unknown

00:37:20

natural process and as

00:37:23

the possibilities increase exponentially, the

00:37:25

incredible became probable

00:37:30

until inevitably, over

00:37:33

time, only the right combination of the

00:37:34

starting materials of the environment, the

00:37:37

laws of nature and a large dose luck

00:37:40

produced the molecules and biological

00:37:43

mechanisms necessary for the first living

00:37:45

cell

00:37:48

in other words in the vast

00:37:51

hypothetical ocean of universes someone

00:37:53

had to win the cosmic lottery

00:37:56

and that was us

00:37:59

often when I read literature about the

00:38:01

origin of life I consider

00:38:03

some proposal about the

00:38:05

formation of say RNA or proteins and even

00:38:08

the author admits that this is chemically

00:38:10

impossible and I ask myself how he

00:38:13

fell into this trap by

00:38:14

resorting to an implausible way for the

00:38:17

whole world to be provided with a

00:38:19

product of design, why did he fall into this

00:38:21

trap because the worldview

00:38:23

told them that this is the only

00:38:25

acceptable explanation in this deadlock

00:38:28

situation, I want to tell the author,

00:38:30

listen, you know that this is

00:38:32

implausible, I know that this is

00:38:34

implausible, the reason why you

00:38:36

are here on the edge of this cliff,

00:38:39

peering into the implausibility

00:38:41

is that even earlier, walking along the

00:38:43

road, you decided that only the

00:38:45

materialistic explanation should

00:38:47

work, how many more different ones

00:38:50

explanations that fail within the

00:38:52

framework of materialistic ideas

00:38:56

we must have before we decide that

00:38:59

maybe we need to go beyond

00:39:02

this framework,

00:39:04

perhaps we need another explanation

00:39:06

[applause]

00:39:11

when we consider various scientific

00:39:14

theories in the field of physics and chemistry or

00:39:17

theories of star formation are theories about the

00:39:20

external world, the world outside ourselves, but when

00:39:24

we approach the question of the origin of

00:39:25

life, we talk about a theory that

00:39:28

affects us where we came from, our

00:39:32

origins, our worldview, our philosophy,

00:39:36

our science, they are all interconnected and this

00:39:40

distinguishes the question of the origin of life

00:39:42

from all other questions of science,

00:39:45

natural sciences are not divorced from everything

00:39:48

else we know or believe

00:39:50

about our world so likely the

00:39:53

highly specialized question of how RNA came to be

00:39:56

can lead through the fabric of reality to a

00:39:59

completely different question: can

00:40:02

God exist, can God be possible,

00:40:05

can it be that God is real

00:40:10

if life in all its richness does not was the

00:40:13

result of a purely physical or

00:40:15

elemental process we must have

00:40:17

evidence of this I think that the question of the

00:40:20

origin of life is the main

00:40:22

turning point in which everything is

00:40:24

turned upside down

00:40:28

and so I approach nature as a curious

00:40:31

person and say what I recognize as

00:40:33

ordinary everyday indicators of the action

00:40:36

of the mind do I see them in life and the answer is yes

00:40:40

abundance

00:40:44

what we see in biological systems

00:40:47

is a miracle it is beautiful it is elegant and the

00:40:51

more we learn about living organisms the

00:40:53

more obvious design becomes

00:40:58

when I first started thinking about

00:41:00

intelligent design there were people who

00:41:02

published something on the Internet speaking I

00:41:05

graduated from agents and and went to the

00:41:07

University of Washington then got a

00:41:09

degree at Harvard

00:41:11

something like well she was smart before

00:41:14

what happened

00:41:17

really materialism is blinding

00:41:20

science and we are missing the most important thing about the world

00:41:23

I think this is a very exciting time

00:41:26

for a scientist because that we have

00:41:28

the opportunity to look at things with new

00:41:30

eyes with a fresh look,

00:41:34

bringing the concept of mind to explain the

00:41:37

origin of life is extremely useful

00:41:40

because it is in agreement with what

00:41:43

we observe in nature

00:41:47

[music]

00:41:50

nature looks designed

00:41:54

life looks designed

00:41:58

design

00:42:00

mind explains the information

00:42:02

richness of a living cell

00:42:08

in living there is nothing magical in creatures

00:42:12

I am a scientist I do not believe in magic I believe in

00:42:17

the mechanisms and causes that give a correct

00:42:20

understanding of the phenomena that I observe

00:42:24

for such an understanding it is necessary to recognize

00:42:27

the actions of the intellect intelligence is necessary

00:42:31

to this conclusion I come to

00:42:45

[music]

00:42:52

[music]

00:43:03

I hope you liked the origin of

00:43:06

life this It was exciting to be

00:43:08

a part of a project that gets to the

00:43:11

heart of the big questions that deeply and

00:43:14

multifacetedly influence our

00:43:15

worldview:

00:43:16

how life began, is the

00:43:19

undirected work of

00:43:21

matter and energy capable of

00:43:23

producing the first living cells, or

00:43:27

can life only be explained by a special creation

00:43:29

of God

00:43:31

[music]

00:43:33

Over the last 30 years, impressive

00:43:35

technologies have made it possible researchers to

00:43:37

discover and visualize the

00:43:40

complex complex of biological devices

00:43:42

operating inside every living cell

00:43:45

[music]

00:43:48

this knowledge inspired the development of an

00:43:51

amazing scientific rationale for

00:43:53

the concept of intelligent design in the question of the

00:43:56

origin of life; this rationale is

00:43:59

based solely on

00:44:00

evidence of logic and sanity.

00:44:03

Now we would like to share a short

00:44:06

video explaining the basic principles of this

00:44:08

theory that could someday

00:44:10

fundamentally change the situation in the way

00:44:13

science is practiced, taught and understood throughout

00:44:16

the world

00:44:17

[music]

00:44:29

and

00:44:30

when I look at the molecular mechanisms

00:44:33

Irina the incredibly complex process of

00:44:36

cell division I want to ask if it is possible that there

00:44:40

is an intelligence behind these things that there was a plan

00:44:44

and purpose for creating this structure

00:44:47

science must seek the truth about the world we

00:44:51

should not decide in advance what could be

00:44:53

the truth we should not say I don’t

00:44:55

like this explanation so I will put

00:44:58

it aside more precisely when we approach a

00:45:00

mysterious phenomenon in nature we must

00:45:03

give all possible causes are

00:45:04

explanatory and one of the problems with

00:45:07

evolutionary theory is that

00:45:09

it unreasonably excludes some

00:45:12

cause even before

00:45:14

evidence appears and the reason that is

00:45:16

ignored is intelligence since the late 19th

00:45:20

century since the time of Darwin, partly because of

00:45:22

his writing of the book of the origin of species by

00:45:25

scientists came to a new agreement to

00:45:27

define science which excludes the

00:45:29

possibility of design as a scientific

00:45:32

explanation and this agreement is

00:45:34

called methodological materialism

00:45:37

it means that if you are going

00:45:39

to be a scientist you must give an explanation

00:45:42

that refers only to natural

00:45:44

causes you cannot use

00:45:46

intellect as a cause and yet as It's

00:45:49

strange that we constantly draw conclusions in

00:45:51

favor of the intellect; it is part of our

00:45:53

normal reasoning to recognize the actions

00:45:56

of the intellect;

00:45:58

consider, for example, these hieroglyphic

00:46:01

messages carved on the ruins of Egyptian

00:46:04

monuments; no one will explain the

00:46:06

shape and arrangement of these symbols by

00:46:09

natural causes such as

00:46:11

sandstorms or erosion; instead, we

00:46:14

recognize their work ancient scribes of

00:46:17

intelligent people,

00:46:21

such reasoning leads us to the

00:46:23

conclusion that the mysterious stone figures

00:46:25

on the coast of Easter Island were not

00:46:27

formed by the actions of wind and water

00:46:30

over long periods of time,

00:46:32

we also do not assume that plants

00:46:35

could take this form without any

00:46:37

intelligent intervention,

00:46:39

of course we do all the time such conclusions

00:46:42

and we know that they are true, but

00:46:45

the question arises on what basis we draw

00:46:47

such conclusions what features allow

00:46:49

us to recognize the actions of intelligence

00:46:51

Recently, in a book called design as

00:46:54

logical inference, the mathematician William

00:46:56

Demsky made an important breakthrough in understanding the

00:46:59

evidence of design Demsky identified the

00:47:02

characteristic features of artifacts

00:47:04

that force us to recognize the

00:47:06

prior activity of the mind

00:47:08

I came to this by trying to evaluate how we

00:47:11

reason about design what logical

00:47:15

steps we must go through to reach a

00:47:17

conclusion about design and what I am trying to

00:47:20

do is establish reliable

00:47:22

empirically scientifically accurate criteria for

00:47:25

concluding that something is actually

00:47:27

designed by me discovered that you need the

00:47:30

concept of improbability and the specification of a

00:47:32

special, certain way of structured

00:47:35

model, a meaning that is clear to us according to

00:47:39

demo people correctly define the

00:47:41

activity of the intellect whenever they

00:47:43

observe an extremely improbable object or

00:47:45

event that also corresponds to

00:47:48

the model we recognize, this is

00:47:50

exactly the kind of picture found in the

00:47:52

black hills of South Dakota

00:47:55

if you traveling through western north

00:47:57

america you will see many different

00:47:59

figures on the mountainsides most of

00:48:01

which don't mean anything they are just

00:48:04

rocks of different shapes and sizes but what you do

00:48:06

n't see is the image of the faces of

00:48:08

lincoln jefferson teddy roosevelt and

00:48:10

george washington on the mountainsides

00:48:12

the only place you will see they

00:48:14

are located in South Dakota and the reason is

00:48:17

that the eccentric

00:48:19

muralist sculptor decided to honor the memory of these

00:48:21

presidents after spending most of his

00:48:23

life carving their faces into the side of a mountain, this

00:48:25

picture is incredibly incredible as the

00:48:27

result of a randomly formed topography of a

00:48:29

mountainside, but a randomly

00:48:31

formed mountainside does not

00:48:33

mean anything however we recognize the model that

00:48:36

there were four people who were

00:48:38

presidents of the united states who

00:48:40

had certain facial features and these

00:48:42

images on the side of a mountain in south dakota

00:48:44

correspond to these faces if i look

00:48:47

and see the faces i immediately recognize that they

00:48:49

correspond to the faces of the four presidents

00:48:51

known from the images on banknotes or

00:48:53

portrait from the National Gallery and so

00:48:57

I realize that when I look at Mount

00:48:59

Rushmore we not only have a highly

00:49:01

improbable rock topography but also

00:49:03

matches independently existing

00:49:05

models that reliably indicate

00:49:06

intelligence

00:49:08

so when we have a highly unlikely

00:49:11

and specification it is a design

00:49:14

[applause]

00:49:17

[ music]

00:49:20

on the seashore another incredible

00:49:23

picture drawn on the ground shows

00:49:25

how we discover the design

00:49:28

no one can assume that this

00:49:31

message was written by the movement of waves

00:49:34

opposite thanks to the features of this

00:49:37

pattern we define words as the

00:49:39

result of the action of the intellect this

00:49:42

incredible composition also

00:49:44

corresponds to an independent model

00:49:46

namely shapes letters that we know from the

00:49:49

English alphabet or words that

00:49:51

we know from the English dictionary and therefore the non-

00:49:54

probability of the composition plus the fact that

00:49:57

it corresponds to a recognizable pattern

00:49:59

leads us to recognition of the design.

00:50:02

This illustration suggests that

00:50:04

William Demsky's criterion for detecting a

00:50:06

design is low probability and the specification of

00:50:10

essentially equivalent information

00:50:12

information

00:50:14

is represented not only in pictures,

00:50:16

written texts and number

00:50:18

sequences but also encoded in

00:50:20

software and radio signals.

00:50:25

The ability to detect information in

00:50:27

electromagnetic signals has made

00:50:29

possible a unique search for intelligence.

00:50:33

For more than three decades, astronomers

00:50:35

participating in the network's Search for

00:50:37

Extraterrestrial Intelligence program have been tracking

00:50:39

radio signals from deep space in an

00:50:41

attempt find information-rich

00:50:43

sequences

00:50:47

typically a radio telescope picks up

00:50:49

either random noise or simple

00:50:51

repeating signals that are

00:50:54

naturally generated by

00:50:55

stars and galaxies and other

00:50:57

celestial objects,

00:50:59

but astronomers admit that if they were

00:51:02

ever to identify an information-carrying

00:51:04

signal it would confirm the existence of

00:51:07

intelligent life beyond the earth

00:51:12

some suggest that an extraterrestrial

00:51:14

civilization may have attempted to make

00:51:16

contact by conveying a message in the

00:51:18

universal language of mathematics,

00:51:21

perhaps through a clear pattern

00:51:24

like a series of prime numbers,

00:51:29

you don't get this by accident so you

00:51:32

need the complexity or improbability of a

00:51:34

set of prime numbers and you also

00:51:37

need a model and it has to be the

00:51:39

right model this is not a pattern that

00:51:41

you are imposing, this is a model that

00:51:44

exists objectively so

00:51:47

far, research with these has not been able to

00:51:49

discover any pattern or

00:51:51

information that would point to

00:51:53

intelligence in a distant galaxy but in

00:51:55

another universe much closer to home,

00:51:57

scientists have discovered a huge amount of

00:51:59

information inside the core of the living cells

00:52:04

dna has a structure that is ideal

00:52:07

for transferring information water not

00:52:10

necid but zenith less clan not nitrogenous

00:52:12

bases ah double helix dna has

00:52:15

the potential to store a huge

00:52:17

amount of information in

00:52:19

fact in the known universe there is no

00:52:22

object that stores and processes

00:52:23

information more efficiently than a dna molecule

00:52:27

makes up human DNA 3 billion

00:52:30

nitrogen base pairs

00:52:35

analysis of the coding regions of the DNA molecule

00:52:38

shows that their special organization

00:52:40

allows detailed

00:52:42

instructions or information to be conveyed, like letters

00:52:46

in a meaningful sentence or a binary

00:52:49

symbol in computer code, Bill Gates

00:52:52

said that DNA is like a computer

00:52:53

program, only much more complex

00:52:56

than any other which we were able to

00:52:58

develop if you think about it

00:53:00

for even a minute it is

00:53:02

suggestive because we know that bill

00:53:04

gates does not use wind and roses and a

00:53:07

random number generator to create

00:53:09

software rather he

00:53:11

hires smart engineers and that's all

00:53:14

we know from our experience suggests

00:53:16

that the rich information of a system arises

00:53:19

through intelligent design; what

00:53:21

we think about the information richness of a

00:53:23

living structure; that information

00:53:26

is in every living cell of every

00:53:28

living organism; this is a fundamental

00:53:30

mystery where this information comes from;

00:53:33

over the past 15 years, the philosopher and

00:53:36

scientist Stephen Mailer has been working to answer

00:53:38

this question, Mayer prepared an argument

00:53:41

to demonstrate that intelligent

00:53:42

design provides the best explanation for the

00:53:44

origin of the information needed to

00:53:46

build the first living cell,

00:53:49

intelligent agents can create an

00:53:51

information system, this is part of our

00:53:54

knowledge base, so the argument is

00:53:56

not based on what we do not know, it is on

00:53:59

what we we know about the cause-and-effect

00:54:01

structure of the world

00:54:03

we know that at present there is

00:54:05

no materialistic explanation

00:54:07

no natural cause that

00:54:09

produces information not natural

00:54:12

selection not a process of self-organization not

00:54:14

pure chance

00:54:15

but we know the cause that is capable of

00:54:18

producing information and that is the mind

00:54:20

so when people come to the conclusion

00:54:22

about design, based on the presence of information in

00:54:25

DNA, they actually do what in

00:54:28

historical sciences is called inference

00:54:30

to and a better explanation,

00:54:33

so when we find a rich

00:54:36

information system in a cell, in particular

00:54:39

in a DNA molecule, we can conclude

00:54:41

that intelligence played a role in the

00:54:43

origin of this system even if we

00:54:45

were not there and we could not observe how

00:54:48

the system emerged

00:54:50

and

00:54:52

one hundred and fifty years ago

00:54:54

Charles Darwin revolutionized science with his

00:54:57

theory of natural selection.

00:54:59

Today this theory faces a

00:55:01

huge problem.

00:55:04

Intelligent design has inspired both the beginning

00:55:07

and the intensive continuation of the debate

00:55:09

about the origin of life on earth and for everything. to an

00:55:13

increasing number of scientists it

00:55:15

represents giving birth to an idea capable of

00:55:18

once again redefining the basis of scientific thought

00:55:21

[music]

00:55:24

during the nineteenth century scientists

00:55:26

believed that there were two

00:55:28

fundamental entities matter and

00:55:31

energy but in the 21st century science must

00:55:33

recognize a third fundamental entity

00:55:36

information and since we are dealing with the

00:55:40

biology of information century, there is growing

00:55:42

confidence that what we see in the

00:55:44

DNA molecule is actually a

00:55:47

product of the mind, a product of intelligence, something that

00:55:50

can only be explained by intelligent

00:55:53

design

00:55:59

[music]

00:56:17

[music]

00:56:23

[music]

Description:

Фільм ПОХОДЖЕННЯ досліджує питання, яке протягом століть спантеличило науку: Як почалося життя на Землі? Сьогодні більшість дослідників наполягають на тому, що вона виникла завдяки простій хімії, яка хаотично перетворила неживу матерію на першу живу клітину. Однак це пояснення позбавлене доказів і незадовільно навіть для найзатятіших його прихильників. Походження життя Землі У міру того, як ПОХОДЖЕННЯ оголює недоліки матеріалістичних теорій, ви будете подорожувати молекулярним всесвітом, щоб зіткнутися з екстраординарною біологічною інженерією, що має фундаментальне значення для виживання кожного організму, який коли-небудь існував. Кінець кінцем, фільм виходить за рамки науки, щоб дослідити найглибші таємниці людського досвіду: звідки ми прийшли і чому ми тут? 💙Підтримайте нас на платформі Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/hopeua Серія документальних фільмів "МІФИ ЕВОЛЮЦІЇ": Фільм "Походження" - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3BqB9ocb-c4 Фільм "Живі води" - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zRer0lR79pI Фільм "Метаморфози" - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tYhAEWSLj6w Фільм “Політ. Геній птахів” - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QA6S7OeaQOc 🌍Офіційний сайт: https://tv.hope.ua/ 🔷Facebook https://www.facebook.com/unsupportedbrowser 🔷Instagram https://www.facebook.com/unsupportedbrowser 🔷Telegram: https://t.me/hopeua Партнери: Школа Біблії - https://bible.ua/ Радіо "Голос надії" - https://radio.hope.ua/

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