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00:00:07
[music]
00:00:21
and in the games Fedotovich Komarovsky to the general
00:00:25
public this name does not say anything on the
00:00:27
Internet about him dry information is presented
00:00:30
Adjutant General of Emperor Alexander the
00:00:32
First subsequently the first commander of a
00:00:33
separate corps of internal guards all
00:00:37
this is true but does not reveal all the merits of
00:00:39
Infantry General Komarovsky to the
00:00:42
fatherland By the way, in his time he
00:00:47
was considered a very significant figure; he not
00:00:50
only communicated with great contemporaries who
00:00:52
wrote their names in the history of the
00:00:54
Russian state, but was a participant in
00:00:57
grandiose events during the
00:01:00
reign of Catherine the Second; he fulfilled the
00:01:03
instructions of the Collegium of Foreign Affairs under
00:01:06
Paul the First; he participated in the Italian and
00:01:08
Swiss military campaigns under
00:01:10
Suvorov's leadership
00:01:12
was one of Alexander's confidants, the
00:01:15
first emperor entrusted him with important and
00:01:17
responsible tasks, including the
00:01:20
creation of the internal guard of a new
00:01:22
special military formation, which
00:01:24
became the prototype of the national
00:01:26
guard troops of modern Russia. November 29,
00:01:31
2019 marks the 250th anniversary of the
00:01:35
birth of
00:01:36
Infantry General Komarovsky on the
00:01:38
eve of the anniversary dates, it’s time
00:01:41
to put together all the facts and remind
00:01:43
what path Count Fedotovich went through, how he
00:01:46
deserved the general’s uniform and why
00:01:48
today is about him
00:02:00
[music]
00:02:13
[music]
00:02:27
[music]
00:02:41
our story begins here in
00:02:44
St. Petersburg in the capital of the Russian
00:02:45
Empire from here in January 1787 year,
00:02:50
Catherine the Great undertakes a
00:02:52
journey of unprecedented scale,
00:02:55
the main goal of the voyage is inspection of new
00:02:58
lands annexed as a result of the
00:02:59
recent wars with the Turks,
00:03:03
more than three thousand people took part in the Tauride voyage
00:03:05
and the imperial belt consisted of
00:03:08
14 carriages, it
00:03:09
was necessary to travel more than 6 thousand
00:03:12
kilometers by courier with incoming
00:03:14
Svetlakov mystery analogue of the modern
00:03:16
manager of the presidential affairs, a
00:03:19
sergeant of the Life Guards of the Izmailovsky Regiment,
00:03:22
Komarovsky, was appointed to Count Fedotovich, who was
00:03:24
barely eighteen; his parents have
00:03:27
long been gone; he is one of many young and
00:03:29
indigent nobles; for them, only
00:03:32
military service is the
00:03:33
cherished ticket to later life; one
00:03:35
can only hope for oneself, for God, and
00:03:39
perhaps for good luck,
00:03:44
the journey lasts more than one day in March,
00:03:47
when the empress's trial is in
00:03:50
Kiev, fate gives the young guardsman a chance,
00:03:53
Komarovsky receives his first serious
00:03:55
task, he is ordered to go to Paris with
00:03:58
gifts to the ministers of the French court
00:04:00
and to Count Komarovsky to carry out the tasks of a
00:04:03
special courier in Europe for the next
00:04:05
few years it was like this service
00:04:07
abroad with assignments was arranged,
00:04:09
exclusively nobles were sent as guard servants as
00:04:11
sergeants, according to Komarovsky, all
00:04:16
the decisions were the most beneficial
00:04:18
because it gave poor nobles the
00:04:20
opportunity to see foreign lands at public expense
00:04:24
as part of their service, a young man will see
00:04:27
Paris and London Vienna Frankfurt am Main I
00:04:31
and others cities he owes them with zeal
00:04:34
fulfills the instructions of a colleague in foreign
00:04:36
affairs often delivers cakes to the envoy
00:04:39
of the Russian Empire of the German principalities
00:04:41
Count Nikolai Rumyantsev a new turn
00:04:44
of fate happens in mid-1792 and
00:04:47
in the graph Fedotovich
00:04:48
must deliver portraits of brides for the
00:04:51
grandson of the Empress Alexander Pavlovich
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in court language this means
00:04:55
consent to the marriage union at this moment
00:04:59
Komarovsky’s life is in full swing service in
00:05:02
Europe constant travel points
00:05:04
social events communication with great people who
00:05:07
rule empires such a life is the
00:05:09
ultimate dream for many, but Count
00:05:12
Komarovsky is not one of them, he is ready to
00:05:14
exchange everything for an officer’s rank,
00:05:16
but this is not easy to do in In 1792, a
00:05:22
large superset of officer ranks was formed in the guard; there were
00:05:26
no more than 400 positions in the state
00:05:28
and there were over 11,000 of them;
00:05:32
this was an opportunity that could not be
00:05:34
missed by delivering the portrait of the bride to the
00:05:37
heir to the throne.
00:05:38
Komarovsky is not waiting for an award, but is doing everything
00:05:41
to receive it; a
00:05:42
well-executed special assignment and
00:05:45
pleasant acquaintances, as Count Komarovsky would write later in
00:05:47
his memoirs,
00:05:49
doing their job in August 1792, he was
00:05:53
promoted to ensign at the end of the 18th century
00:05:58
in the Russian army, the first officer rank of
00:06:00
ensign of the guard
00:06:02
was two ranks higher than in ordinary
00:06:04
infantry and was equal to the rank of
00:06:06
lieutenant, the future Emperor Alexander
00:06:09
Since then, the first one has always distinguished the one
00:06:11
who brought the portrait of his betrothed from
00:06:14
other guards officers and with a slight
00:06:16
bow or smile, so Komarovsky
00:06:18
gradually enters the circle of attention of the royal
00:06:21
family.
00:06:28
1792 Evgraf Fedotovich Komarovsky
00:06:31
is appointed regimental adjutant of the
00:06:33
Izmailovsky regiment. Now he is
00:06:35
responsible for the office, they are in charge of
00:06:37
my guard outfits
00:06:39
and all reports on the combat unit,
00:06:41
of course, the daily staff routine of
00:06:44
even the guards unit gives
00:06:47
much less pleasure than the life of a
00:06:49
foreign courier, but
00:06:51
Count Fedotovich fulfills their
00:06:52
duties regularly, his efforts are not in
00:06:55
vain. On January 1, 1794, he was
00:06:59
given the rank of second lieutenant, here
00:07:03
where the military unit of his guard is located, the
00:07:05
Izmailovsky barracks were located the regiment is a
00:07:07
little further from the house with apartments for
00:07:10
officers and opposite the regimental
00:07:12
temple, the
00:07:16
Izmailovsky regiment is a special unit
00:07:19
with its own original Russian traditions,
00:07:21
for example, every holiday should
00:07:24
begin with a prayer service, and today, like
00:07:28
many years ago, during the
00:07:29
Komarovsky Cathedral of the Holy Life-Giving
00:07:31
Trinity a solemn prayer service is held on the
00:07:36
eve of the day 8 of the National Guard, under
00:07:38
the arches of the cathedral
00:07:39
decorated with guards banners,
00:07:41
not only active
00:07:43
military personnel gathered, but also veterans,
00:07:45
all standing in the same formation
00:07:48
[music]
00:07:57
November 6, 1796,
00:08:00
Catherine the Great dies, an
00:08:03
entire era in the history of the country ends,
00:08:04
power passes to her son Paul, this
00:08:07
event entails colossal changes
00:08:10
for all over Russia
00:08:11
and for the military class in particular
00:08:15
[music]
00:08:18
recalls and in Count Komarovsky the image of
00:08:21
our life as an officer completely
00:08:23
changed
00:08:24
under the Empress, we only thought
00:08:26
of going to the theater in society and wearing
00:08:29
tailcoats,
00:08:30
and now from morning to evening in the regimental
00:08:32
yard and teaching us all how recruit everywhere
00:08:37
in the army, transformations are beginning,
00:08:39
reductions, or as they now say
00:08:41
optimization, have been reduced and some
00:08:44
positions in the regimental chancelleries, instead of
00:08:47
three regimental adjutants, only
00:08:49
one responsibilities remain;
00:09:02
I didn’t see my family even for several days, I was the first to
00:09:05
put on a new cut uniform and my
00:09:08
hair was in knots, and it changed me so much
00:09:10
that when I arrived home, my sister Anna
00:09:13
Fedotovna didn’t recognize me.
00:09:17
Pavel the first appoints his son
00:09:19
Konstantin as chief of the Life Guards
00:09:21
Izmailovsky Regiment, stern.
00:09:23
demanding, he not only looks
00:09:25
like his father, but also takes his example in everything
00:09:28
in order to achieve the goal, he is ready for any
00:09:31
sacrifice in his notes, he even writes an
00:09:35
officer is nothing more than a machine,
00:09:37
every order of a boss to his
00:09:40
subordinate must be executed,
00:09:42
even if it was endless cruelty
00:09:46
inspection and watch parades, daily drills
00:09:49
on the parade ground
00:09:50
and other hardships of service, you wait,
00:09:52
unusual for the guardsmen, affected the
00:09:55
mood with such an army,
00:09:57
many decided to voluntarily part with the
00:10:00
number of free
00:10:03
officer vacancies that had arisen
00:10:04
just went off scale, so in the Horse
00:10:06
Guards Regiment and 132 officers
00:10:10
wrote 70 reports, but those who had previously and did not
00:10:13
dream of high ranks
00:10:14
received new opportunities, including
00:10:17
Count Komarovsky,
00:10:19
Grand Duke Alexander Pavlovich
00:10:21
recommends his younger brother to
00:10:23
take a closer look at the young
00:10:25
but very efficient officer, a month later, a
00:10:29
decree of the emperor is issued, Vardi and the
00:10:31
Izmailovsky regiment regimental concrete
00:10:33
Komarovsky is appointed an adjutant to his
00:10:36
imperial highness in Konstantin
00:10:38
Pavlovich with the rank of captain lieutenant, a
00:10:42
new appointment is a complete surprise
00:10:45
for Komarovsky,
00:10:46
in addition to diligence and punctuality, the
00:10:48
main selection criteria are loyalty and
00:10:51
devotion to the emperor, Paul the First
00:10:54
appoints Grand Duke Konstantin as
00:10:56
curator of the first cadet corps and
00:11:00
Count Komarovsky is obliged to conduct the affairs of
00:11:02
this educational institution, before his eyes the
00:11:06
new director of the school, Count Ferzen
00:11:08
accuses the former boss, General
00:11:10
Kutuzov, of many abuses and
00:11:13
writes angry reports addressed to the sovereign,
00:11:17
the situation threatens Mikhail Illarionovich with
00:11:19
big troubles,
00:11:21
but fortunately for him and Count Komarovsky,
00:11:23
we know the whole background of the situation; this is personal
00:11:26
enmity
00:11:27
at the right moment in the right form, he
00:11:30
brings it to the Grand Duke as
00:11:33
a result, Konstantin makes a decision:
00:11:35
everything that was done in the management of
00:11:38
General Kutuzov’s corps took place during the
00:11:40
reign of Catherine the Great and that His
00:11:43
Highness does not want the general,
00:11:45
who served Her Majesty with honor, to receive
00:11:48
any kind of trouble; Grand Duke
00:11:50
Konstantin Pavlovich is
00:11:53
henceforth prohibited from giving any basket to the Count
00:11:56
papers on Kutuzov,
00:11:59
Mikhail Illarionovich will subsequently
00:12:02
thank Komarovsky for his help. Who
00:12:05
knows what the outcome of the Patriotic
00:12:07
War would have been,
00:12:08
what would have been the fate of the outstanding Russian
00:12:10
commander if not for the intervention of
00:12:12
Europe, Komarovsky, however, in freezing
00:12:16
knows how to not only break up cunning intrigues,
00:12:19
but also shows himself well in the military
00:12:21
craft
00:12:22
for his successes in During the large military exercises that took place in the fall of 1798
00:12:26
in Gatchina,
00:12:28
he received his first award, the Order of
00:12:31
St. Anne, 4th degree,
00:12:34
at the same time he was awarded the rank of
00:12:37
colonel.
00:12:39
There is a misconception that Pavlovsk and
00:12:42
the soldiers are not our warm ones in military parades;
00:12:45
in fact, this is not the case with
00:12:47
combat training. Paul the First
00:12:50
devotes no less time than the
00:12:52
parade ground to the troops, they practice the techniques of
00:12:56
volley fire and bayonet combat, the
00:12:59
interaction of military branches when
00:13:01
crossing rivers during the retreat and
00:13:03
offensive, they even practice
00:13:05
the redeployment of troops
00:13:07
at night, new
00:13:10
types of troops are actively developing, in particular in horse
00:13:12
artillery,
00:13:22
today the Russian Guard has
00:13:25
special weapons bugs on which
00:13:27
automatic grenade launchers
00:13:29
and g.s. can be installed.
00:13:33
they are designed for different tasks and
00:13:35
can also be used as
00:13:37
mobile fire support
00:13:38
by a unit
00:13:41
[music]
00:13:43
their main advantage is a quick
00:13:45
response to the situation during a battle; the
00:13:47
exact same functions were had by horse
00:13:49
artillery formed at the end of the 18th
00:13:52
century
00:13:53
[music]
00:14:07
Pavlovian drill as often they call
00:14:10
the transformation of Paul the First, in a
00:14:12
sense, it has a positive meaning,
00:14:14
of course it brings up the brilliant
00:14:19
army and especially the guard, which lost its combat potential under Catherine,
00:14:22
wearing a military uniform is now not easy to
00:14:24
live, you must strictly according to the regulations, fight with
00:14:27
zeal and
00:14:29
heart, they need to go and as part of a
00:14:31
unit since the time of Paul the First
00:14:34
our army has adopted a new marching step
00:14:36
in the Prussian style, a
00:14:37
completely straight leg, an outstretched toe,
00:14:40
hitting the ground with force,
00:14:41
as if delivering a seal, it looks
00:14:43
beautiful but takes time to study
00:14:48
[music]
00:14:49
and today, a cadet from the Saratov
00:14:52
Military Institute is preparing for the victory parade,
00:14:54
it will be several weeks before On
00:14:57
May 9, they will march solemnly to
00:14:59
Red Square
00:15:14
in early March 1799, and Count
00:15:17
Komarovsky again sets off on a long
00:15:20
journey; the
00:15:21
adjutant of Grand Duke Konstantin
00:15:22
Pavlovich accompanies the emperor’s son on a
00:15:26
military campaign; the
00:15:28
undefeated
00:15:30
famous Russian commander,
00:15:32
Field Marshal Alexander Suvorov, is appointed commander
00:15:39
in those days in the capital. Russia is looking forward to
00:15:42
glorious battles and resounding victories,
00:15:44
no one can imagine what
00:15:46
difficulties await its participants
00:15:48
before this campaign becomes one of the
00:15:51
greatest in the history of the Russian army,
00:15:54
Colonel Komarovsky, how his retinue goes and
00:15:56
enters, His Highness, he is entrusted with
00:15:59
keeping a journal in which all the battles are described,
00:16:02
military movements and actions at their
00:16:05
Grand Duke was 11 years later in
00:16:09
1811, this campaign diary will be
00:16:12
published in a military journal
00:16:15
one of the most striking entries in the Battle of
00:16:18
Ba family on the first battles of Evgraf
00:16:21
Komarovsky, Major General Chubarov went to the enemy’s
00:16:25
right flank and
00:16:27
Lieutenant Colonel Wrangel to the left
00:16:29
infantry General Rosenberg was in the middle of the river,
00:16:33
then emergency fire opened and
00:16:36
the enemy had to give in to the courage of
00:16:38
Russian weapons, but the
00:16:43
entire enemy corps of General
00:16:45
Moro, consisting of 13,000 people, had already arrived and forced the
00:16:48
Russian army to retreat, which
00:16:50
was with a small 3,000 people,
00:16:53
with a disproportionate number of Russian
00:16:56
troops against and enemy however, she fought
00:16:58
from half past eleven in the morning
00:17:01
until seven and a half o'clock in the evening, and during the
00:17:03
entire night the
00:17:07
Russian army stopped the battle and, on this
00:17:09
occasion, led with experience and unheard-of courage,
00:17:14
Evgraf Fedotovich, with his characteristic
00:17:16
tact, kept silent in his diary entry
00:17:18
about this battle, which is undoubtedly to blame for
00:17:21
its disastrous outcome lay on his
00:17:23
patron, Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich, only
00:17:26
many years later, in his notes, Count
00:17:29
Komarovsky delicately noted that
00:17:30
indeed His Highness
00:17:33
was quite excited
00:17:36
[music]
00:17:38
the fact is that it was the Grand Duke who
00:17:40
provoked General Rosenberg
00:17:43
into a rash and unprepared attack in
00:17:45
the century, the prince groundlessly shouted at the
00:17:47
honored military leaders of cowardice and
00:17:50
thus deeply wounded his pride as a
00:17:53
result of 326
00:17:55
killed, 600 wounded and the only
00:17:58
lost battle during the entire campaign, the
00:18:00
fury of the battle is evidenced by
00:18:04
the fact that Colonel Komarovsky and
00:18:06
Major General Safonov
00:18:08
both added on the Konstantin Pavlovich
00:18:09
lost their horses and the Grand Duke himself
00:18:12
almost drowned in the river, after this, the
00:18:16
Grand
00:18:18
Duke did not commit any more rash acts and acted with
00:18:21
excellent courage. Komarovsky
00:18:23
accompanied him everywhere, sharing the joy of victories
00:18:26
and the hardships of marching squirrels. One of the most
00:18:30
famous episodes of the military campaign of
00:18:32
1799, the battle for the devil’s bridge and in graph
00:18:36
Fedotovich
00:18:37
commands a battalion of grenadiers as fighters
00:18:39
who were the first to break through the
00:18:41
enemy's defenses during the Italian Swiss
00:18:44
military campaign of 1799, typhus Count
00:18:48
Komarovsky was awarded high awards
00:18:50
for distinguishedness in defeating a large
00:18:53
enemy at the Chedon rivers and 3 be-in.ru the
00:18:56
Order of St. Anne, 2nd degree for
00:18:59
bravery in the battle near the city of
00:19:02
Navi decorated with diamonds the sign of the same
00:19:05
order, as well as the Order of St. John
00:19:07
of Jerusalem
00:19:08
and the Order of St. Mauritius and Lazarus, the
00:19:12
participants of the Italian and Swiss
00:19:14
campaigns
00:19:15
returned to Russia as heroes,
00:19:18
however, the favor of Paul the First in the
00:19:20
shortest possible time
00:19:21
turns into extremely unfavorable,
00:19:24
perhaps the probable reason for the change in
00:19:27
the emperor’s mood was envy of the
00:19:29
glory of Generalissimo Suvorov, troubles
00:19:32
begin to fall
00:19:33
and Major General Komarovsky, who
00:19:35
recently received a new rank on May 5,
00:19:40
1800, he was appointed commandant of the
00:19:42
Kamenets-Podolsk fortress, and soon his
00:19:46
immediate superior, the military
00:19:48
governor of the Podolsk Volyn and
00:19:50
Minsk provinces, became General
00:19:53
Andrei Rosenberg, the same one who
00:19:55
commanded the Russian troops under the Bo
00:19:57
family. Magnificent photographs of Komarovsky were preserved
00:20:00
relations with the duties of the
00:20:03
commandant of the border fortress,
00:20:05
General Komarovsky copes
00:20:07
with all the responsibility as he is used to,
00:20:09
almost a year passes and then
00:20:12
events occur that change the fate of both
00:20:15
Komarovsky and the entire Russian
00:20:17
empire of power, Alexander comes
00:20:20
first, the
00:20:21
next day a courier from St. Petersburg came to us
00:20:23
with a manifesto on the accession to
00:20:25
throne of Emperor Alexander the First of the
00:20:28
sworn list of troops were immediately
00:20:30
assembled and with unspeakable delight I
00:20:33
swore them to
00:20:35
the emperor I adored 1801 on the
00:20:43
throne of the Russian Empire Alexander the
00:20:45
First in all spheres of life
00:20:47
big changes are
00:20:49
coming and the fate of many people and Count
00:20:52
Komarovsky
00:20:53
receives an invitation to come to the court, a
00:20:56
Major General Moravian in the army
00:20:58
is appointed Adjutant General of the
00:21:01
Kiev Imperial Majesty by the
00:21:03
highest order of July 17, 1801,
00:21:08
this is a turning point, many envious people will
00:21:11
never be able to forgive Komarovsky
00:21:13
that it was not they who were appointed to the Adjutant General and
00:21:15
but some minor nobleman who spread
00:21:18
rumors that only such
00:21:20
an intriguer and scoundrel as Komarovsky could
00:21:23
deceitfully take a place next to the emperor;
00:21:25
however, the culprit himself does
00:21:27
not pay attention to them; there
00:21:29
is too much to do; the emperor is full of ideas
00:21:31
to reform the life of the country;
00:21:33
div Count Komarovsky presents his idea
00:21:36
to create an
00:21:37
internal guard in Russia; he speaks about this
00:21:40
literally immediately after returning to
00:21:42
the capital, that
00:21:44
's what Evgraf Fedotovich will write his
00:21:47
memoirs on our way through different cities,
00:21:50
I saw garrison companies and
00:21:52
made up of people in appearance who were
00:21:54
still healthy, the family fell, he didn’t think of
00:21:56
presenting the sovereign’s project on the
00:21:58
formation of the zemstvo troops, dividing
00:22:01
it into battalions and teams, the sovereigns
00:22:04
liked the project and it served as the
00:22:07
basis for the subsequent establishment of the
00:22:09
internal guard,
00:22:12
but why did the emperor postpone the decision for
00:22:14
10 years before creating a new one? It was decided to
00:22:17
restore order to the existing structure
00:22:20
and here Count Komarovsky, as they said
00:22:22
then, distinguished himself very much; he was appointed
00:22:25
chief of the St. Petersburg police and assistant to the
00:22:28
military governor;
00:22:30
the first main task was to stop the rampant
00:22:33
crime in the capital,
00:22:35
it turns out to separate those who are fighting, to catch
00:22:38
petty robbers, there are simply no
00:22:43
professional guards
00:22:44
and patrol officers provided for in the police structure, and this function is performed by
00:22:49
ordinary citizens appointed from each yard, in other words, vigilantes, to
00:22:52
stand in such a booth in the cold, not sleep
00:22:54
at night and keep order, they have no
00:22:57
special desires, having understood the situation, the
00:23:01
new chief of police presents
00:23:04
to the sovereign a note about the situation of
00:23:06
his service, it included and
00:23:09
possible solutions to the Moravian project
00:23:12
consisted of the following:
00:23:13
instead of being
00:23:16
appointed to the police, the owners of the houses must pay
00:23:18
9 rubles a month; the
00:23:19
money collected will increase the
00:23:21
salary for the police officers in the lucky ones and
00:23:25
fire officers to determine from
00:23:27
army
00:23:28
or garrison regiments the opinion of those capable of
00:23:30
front-line service,
00:23:32
dragoon police teams in different
00:23:35
areas of the city or province should be
00:23:38
united into one team and
00:23:40
we are a commander with the rank of staff officer
00:23:43
Alexander the first liked the idea and
00:23:46
Komarovsky’s project gets the right to
00:23:48
life
00:23:49
first the innovations will be tested by
00:23:51
St. - St. Petersburg, then in Moscow and further
00:23:53
in all the provinces of Russia,
00:24:02
sometimes we don’t think about who
00:24:05
provides this on the streets of cities,
00:24:07
thousands of employees of the Russian Guard
00:24:11
go on duty every day to
00:24:13
maintain order and not allow a
00:24:15
crime to be committed, the crew of the
00:24:18
detention groups of private security, the
00:24:20
conversation is the most
00:24:22
effective units for
00:24:24
neutralizing criminals, statistics
00:24:26
show that they
00:24:28
account for the majority of arrests in
00:24:31
hot pursuit. The
00:24:32
patrol car drives around the city,
00:24:34
the speed is quite slow because the
00:24:37
officers look out of the car windows and
00:24:39
look closely at passers-by for tea at
00:24:41
suspicious people. The dispatcher uses the radio to
00:24:47
give the command to call and the officers they are traveling to a
00:24:50
trading facility where the security system worked
00:24:52
two centuries ago,
00:24:55
it seems the responsibilities were assigned to the
00:24:57
combined dragoon crews, the
00:25:03
posts and trains previously scattered throughout small settlements will be gathered into a
00:25:06
single fist
00:25:07
thanks to this reform, as
00:25:10
Minister of War Barclay de Tolly will later write, the
00:25:12
active army will strengthen 13- with new
00:25:15
sticks and without additional
00:25:17
recruiting, on March 27, 1811, the formation of
00:25:24
internal garrison battalions will be
00:25:27
completed and the structure, as well as the name,
00:25:29
will continue to change and improve in the future;
00:25:41
divided into 8
00:25:44
districts, each commanded by a major general
00:25:46
with the rights of a division general,
00:25:49
around there were from two to three brigades
00:25:51
numbering 24 battalions of 3 or 4
00:25:55
companies from the table in each district city, a
00:25:59
disabled team was established, it was adopted as a rule
00:26:01
that the
00:26:03
lower ranks of the army, designated for
00:26:06
service from the counties themselves to escort
00:26:09
prisoners and transit prisoners,
00:26:11
stage commands were established along the large highway
00:26:14
at the head of the internal guard districts,
00:26:16
military generals who
00:26:18
had distinguished themselves in military campaigns but due to
00:26:21
age or injuries were appointed to the
00:26:23
garrison service. On
00:26:26
August 7, 1811, Alexander the first
00:26:30
signed a decree appointing Evgraf
00:26:33
Komarovsky as
00:26:34
inspector of internal affairs. guards as an assistant to the
00:26:36
minister of war without being relieved of the
00:26:39
post of adjutant general, now after
00:26:42
trips to the authorized units of Komarovka he
00:26:45
is obliged to report to the sovereign information on the
00:26:47
state of affairs in local government,
00:26:51
it must be said that the structure of the army at
00:26:54
the end of the 18th century was not the same as now since
00:26:58
1797 the country was again divided into 12
00:27:02
territorial inspections, at the head of
00:27:05
each inspection is an
00:27:07
inspector general, who was by no means
00:27:09
the commander of the troops; his responsibility
00:27:12
included only monitoring the correctness of the
00:27:14
drill and combat training of the troops; command and control of the
00:27:17
troops was centralized
00:27:19
in the hands of the military board; by this
00:27:22
time it had grown greatly; the fateful year 1812 had come for Russia;
00:27:31
Count Komarovsky will write about the beginning of the
00:27:33
offensive of the Napoleonic army
00:27:36
during this difficult time, General de tank
00:27:39
is next to the emperor of the first
00:27:41
introduced province, later accompanies him to
00:27:43
Moscow and further in the capital, the
00:27:47
beginning of the war is
00:27:48
extremely difficult for the Russian army, the
00:27:51
troops are retreating, the
00:27:54
development of events can go according to any
00:27:56
scenario,
00:27:58
such a situation will win the one who
00:28:01
has reserves left
00:28:03
understands this and Alexander 1,
00:28:06
he gives the general dictation Komarovsky an
00:28:08
important assignment to the
00:28:10
brothers of the army, as many horses as possible,
00:28:14
let's face it, Evgraf Fedotovich
00:28:17
sets off on the road with the personal
00:28:19
order of the emperor behind him,
00:28:21
perhaps his life would have turned out
00:28:23
differently, but it is the personal order of the
00:28:25
sovereign that inspires combat general
00:28:28
to carry out the rear task, today it is
00:28:31
difficult for us to understand how difficult and important
00:28:34
the task is to find horses for the army,
00:28:36
especially in wartime conditions, all
00:28:40
western provinces have been captured by the enemy;
00:28:43
it is impossible to allow the resources of the
00:28:46
areas adjacent to the theater of military operations to
00:28:48
go to the enemy from these provinces,
00:28:51
including Podolsk and Volyn it was decided to
00:28:54
begin replenishing the reserves of the Russian army
00:28:56
in these places, Komarovsky, who knew him well, was
00:28:59
sent to how
00:29:03
difficult this task was at that time,
00:29:05
described in an essay about cavalry reserves by the
00:29:07
famous Russian writer Alexander
00:29:09
Griboyedov, the
00:29:11
remoteness of the provinces from their own,
00:29:13
horses were brought in, their damage on the road, the
00:29:15
inexperience of other civil officials
00:29:18
on them it was entrusted in the provinces to
00:29:20
accept to disassemble, to carry out repairs and
00:29:23
so on, who knows what it takes to
00:29:26
instill a fighting spirit in a meek farmer,
00:29:29
what it takes to make him forget his fat,
00:29:31
serene life,
00:29:33
let’s accustom him to the unyielding military, and
00:29:35
of course he began to marvel at the
00:29:37
numerous and from the mountain cavalry
00:29:40
educated in such a short time time,
00:29:43
despite the difficulties and General
00:29:45
Komarovsky completes the
00:29:47
task in a few months, 13
00:29:50
thousand horses are collected, a report on this is sent by the blacks
00:29:53
Fedotovich to St. Petersburg and separately
00:29:56
sends a report to the sovereign who is in the army, the
00:29:58
main idea is a request to come
00:30:01
to His Majesty,
00:30:03
the answer comes quite quickly, Count
00:30:06
Arakcheev
00:30:07
on behalf of the emperor honors
00:30:09
Komarovsky is a holder of the Order of St.
00:30:11
Vladimir, 2nd degree of the Grand Cross, but
00:30:14
immediately gives him another task to
00:30:16
continue collecting recruits and horses, now
00:30:19
from 22 provinces, while Count
00:30:22
Arakcheev adds that this order is
00:30:25
much more useful to the emperor and the fatherland
00:30:28
than service in the active army,
00:30:31
this news from Evgraf Komarovsky
00:30:34
is not at all he will be pleased as a military man, he
00:30:37
will carry out the given order, but
00:30:39
for the rest of his life he will regret that
00:30:41
this place did not give him the opportunity to prove
00:30:43
himself in battles, another forty thousand horses
00:30:46
will be delivered from Evgraf Komarovsky
00:30:48
for the army on August 30,
00:30:54
1816, Komarovsky will be promoted to lieutenant
00:30:56
general and will be promoted to lieutenant general. The
00:30:59
new position of commander of a
00:31:01
separate internal guard corps also contributes
00:31:03
to 12; the number of districts is increasing; the
00:31:07
principle of manning the troops is changing;
00:31:10
the list of assigned tasks is expanding;
00:31:13
today, the elite of the National
00:31:16
Guard troops are considered to be the special forces units;
00:31:18
they are the ones who are
00:31:21
first
00:31:22
assigned the most difficult tasks that
00:31:25
need to be completed in the shortest possible time;
00:31:27
these units are perfectly trained and
00:31:30
armed with the ability to quickly find themselves in the
00:31:33
right place where it is required,
00:31:37
despite the entire large arsenal of military
00:31:39
equipment, and today there are tasks that
00:31:42
can only be performed on horseback,
00:31:44
for example in hard-to-reach high mountain
00:31:46
areas, which is why the training of
00:31:49
military special forces is included in the cavalry
00:31:52
course in the nineteenth century, similar tasks
00:31:54
were first performed by the army after the internal
00:31:58
guards but the garrison units were loaded with
00:32:01
guard duty and were often
00:32:04
unable to quickly respond to
00:32:05
sudden incidents, this
00:32:09
situation was resolved through the creation of
00:32:10
mobile gendarmerie units
00:32:14
today, and the gendarmes are better known as the
00:32:16
political police,
00:32:19
but initially their duties were
00:32:21
related to the rapid movement and
00:32:23
solving problematic issues of the province with a
00:32:25
small staff in a short time,
00:32:28
sometimes one type of gendarmerie patrol
00:32:30
forced hotheads at mass
00:32:33
celebrations to control themselves today in
00:32:37
Russia the new football season of
00:32:39
public safety begins at football,
00:32:41
units of the Russian Guard provide not a
00:32:43
single mass event they
00:32:45
take place in the presence of employees of
00:32:47
mobile special forces assignments,
00:32:49
most of the duty they are in
00:32:51
readiness for use or, more simply put,
00:32:53
in reserve,
00:32:55
however, this is only one tenth of the tasks
00:32:58
that the riot police unit performs, they are
00:33:02
engaged in mine clearance, they are involved in carrying
00:33:04
out special operations to
00:33:06
suppress acts of terrorism, freeing
00:33:09
hostages, confiscating illegally stored
00:33:11
weapons, explosives and narcotic
00:33:13
substances in general covering the posts of the
00:33:16
road patrol service of operational
00:33:19
groups of the criminal police and other services in
00:33:23
general riot police to solve the problem of using in
00:33:25
any emergency situation
00:33:27
[music]
00:33:32
November 1824 in St. Petersburg a
00:33:36
misfortune of unprecedented proportions occurs,
00:33:39
it overflows its banks and floods the entire
00:33:42
city, this is the most formidable disaster of all time
00:33:46
history of the city on the
00:33:47
morning of November 7, 1824, in two hours the
00:33:51
rise of the water reached its maximum level
00:33:54
and amounted to more than four meters above
00:33:56
the ordinary level, the scale of the disaster today can be
00:33:59
determined from such signs, the water
00:34:03
boiled for centuries in the cauldron, houses on
00:34:05
the embankment seemed like sails, ships, a
00:34:08
diver among the waves under the sky, almost
00:34:11
black, dark greenish water
00:34:14
was spinning as if in a huge whirlpool through the
00:34:16
air high and quickly received
00:34:19
wide useless iron torn
00:34:22
from the roof of the new building of the main headquarters of the
00:34:24
storm played with them like rest in the capital a state of
00:34:29
emergency was introduced, the
00:34:31
adjutant general and the emperor were appointed
00:34:34
temporary military commandants of the districts
00:34:36
for operational needs of each of they were
00:34:38
allocated 100 thousand rubles each
00:34:40
events develop rapidly the first to
00:34:43
fight the consequences of the disaster the
00:34:45
military, including from the
00:34:48
garrison battalion of the internal guard, are
00:34:50
organizing assistance to the victims the
00:34:52
rubble is being cleared the city resembles a
00:34:55
large anthill everyone is working without sleep
00:34:58
or rest
00:35:01
the emperor personally supervises, as they
00:35:03
would say now, the rescue operation passing
00:35:06
with inspection, the area is under control and to
00:35:08
Count Komarovsky he confesses to his
00:35:11
beloved general, I have been in bloody
00:35:14
battles, I have seen meat after battles
00:35:16
covered with soulless corpses, I
00:35:18
heard the groans of the wounded, but this is the inevitable
00:35:21
lot of war, and then I saw people suddenly,
00:35:24
so to speak, orphaned, having lost in
00:35:27
one minute everything that was more kind to them
00:35:29
in This life cannot be compared with anything,
00:35:32
along with Komarov’s, the
00:35:34
emperor comes here. you are on a bridge
00:35:37
here in the middle of the avenue, there is a
00:35:40
huge glion brought to the shore, the whole embankment is
00:35:42
covered with parks of logs and a lot of
00:35:46
firewood mixed with earth, looking at this
00:35:48
terrifying picture, Alexander is the first to
00:35:51
ask what is being done to restore
00:35:53
order,
00:35:54
after listening to the report, he will say what a terrible
00:35:57
devastation, well, brother, you have a lot of work ahead of me,
00:36:01
I almost didn’t they will recognize the avenue along which I
00:36:04
have been driving incessantly for so many years,
00:36:08
six months later the emperor will return to this place
00:36:11
and will be surprised again, but this time
00:36:13
pleasantly from the consequences of the elements there will be no
00:36:16
trace left
00:36:18
for the fulfillment of this order, Alexander
00:36:21
the First will generously reward Europe with
00:36:23
Komarovsky on his birthday in
00:36:26
December 1824 His Majesty
00:36:30
will give him a snuff-box with his
00:36:32
portrait showered with diamonds;
00:36:34
this is a personal imperial award higher than
00:36:37
gratitude; there is simply no
00:36:44
event. December 14, 1825 went down in
00:36:49
history as the Decembrist uprising; many
00:36:50
books have been written about this and many films have been made;
00:36:54
some consider those who brought the
00:36:57
guard soldiers into the square to be rebels; others are
00:36:59
heroes be that as it may, human blood
00:37:02
was shed
00:37:03
and this is an indisputable fact; on that day, the senior
00:37:06
commander of the separate internal
00:37:08
guard corps, Lieutenant General Komarovsky,
00:37:10
ran home and
00:37:12
alarmedly reported
00:37:14
the riot; the entire Senate Square is filled with
00:37:16
soldiers shouting hurray, Konstantin,
00:37:19
and many more are running there from all sides
00:37:21
and the soldiers and people here on
00:37:25
Senate Square, screams, shots, the military
00:37:28
governor,
00:37:29
hero of the war of 1812, Count Miloradovich,
00:37:32
tries to reason with the rioting crowd but
00:37:35
receives two mortal wounds, and
00:37:38
attempts to calm the rebels will lead to
00:37:41
nothing; the
00:37:46
loyal
00:37:48
generals and guards regiments who came to the aid of Nicholas the First help turn the situation around
00:37:50
General Komarovsky, the
00:37:53
sovereign instructs him to lead the first battalion of the Finnish regiment, which has been replaced from
00:37:56
the guard,
00:37:57
and training from the Kiev bridge, not
00:38:02
reaching the St. Isaac's Bridge, which was
00:38:04
located in this very place.
00:38:05
Komarovsky orders the soldiers to
00:38:07
load their guns and change into battle
00:38:09
formation. At this moment, artillery
00:38:12
shots are heard on the Senate Square.
00:38:14
guns are used against the rioters by cannons,
00:38:18
several volleys of
00:38:20
grapeshot
00:38:21
and the crowd scatters in different directions;
00:38:23
some of the conspirators jump onto the ice and
00:38:26
run to Vasilievsky Island;
00:38:27
many of them are killed in another day
00:38:32
throughout the city; the rioters are caught at the
00:38:35
disposal of General Komarovsky and his
00:38:37
officers; the internal guard corps is
00:38:39
received by all guards units
00:38:42
organized by the commandant service in the
00:38:44
central part of the city, as a result,
00:38:47
about 700 people were detained, all of them under the
00:38:50
escort of guardsmen, the
00:38:51
Peter and Paul Fortress is the main prison of
00:38:54
the capital the next morning, the palace,
00:38:57
St. Isaac's Square, avi million and
00:38:59
Admiralty Street, as well as the large
00:39:01
embankment, they look
00:39:02
like a military bivouac, there are guns,
00:39:05
tents, soldiers warming themselves by the fires
00:39:07
Nicholas 1 offends the troops on horseback,
00:39:10
descends from a horse, walks through the ranks and
00:39:13
thanks for the loyalty of the soldiers and
00:39:15
officers, does not deprive them of attention, and a
00:39:17
separate corps of the internal
00:39:20
Sechin and the gendarmerie division are generously
00:39:23
rewarded
00:39:24
by the officer who issued an annual salary to the
00:39:26
lower ranks of 2 rubles in silver, three
00:39:29
officers were awarded orders
00:39:31
and General Komarovsky is waiting a new
00:39:33
responsible task on December 16, Nicholas
00:39:38
1 entrusts and in Grappa Fedotovich a
00:39:40
historical mission to announce in Moscow
00:39:43
his accession to the throne and bring the
00:39:45
local noble elite and residents of the
00:39:47
oath to the new sovereign. Such an assignment
00:39:50
was given exclusively to those who are
00:39:52
infinitely trusted and Count Komarovsky
00:39:56
hurries to Moscow
00:39:57
driving horses and I was in a hurry at the station
00:40:00
due to the fact that he was carrying a
00:40:03
secret package for the Moscow
00:40:05
Governor-General
00:40:06
exactly one day later on December 17,
00:40:09
Fedotovich’s game in Moscow, the speed at that
00:40:12
time was fantastic in Moscow,
00:40:15
Komarovsky was greeted with relief and the
00:40:17
governor, Prince Galitsyn and the nobles and
00:40:20
merchants, with the promulgation of the manifesto of the
00:40:22
accession to the throne to suspend
00:40:24
the unrest and all the rumors in the country about a change
00:40:27
of power, decent residents of Pero swear
00:40:29
allegiance to the new tsar,
00:40:33
but what was happening behind the façade of these
00:40:35
events there is evidence that in
00:40:38
Moscow there were dozens of secret communities
00:40:40
that were supposed to take power
00:40:42
after receiving a signal from the capital and
00:40:44
but something went wrong or
00:40:48
was interrupted by something, the next day in the evening the
00:40:53
gendarme general Count Komarovsky was with us,
00:40:55
he told us about Karina St. Isaac's
00:40:57
Square window guards attack about the
00:41:00
death of Count Milradovich and then there were
00:41:03
arrests of this one, then they took that one, then they seized
00:41:06
Alexander Herzen the past and these words
00:41:10
cannot be erased from history;
00:41:12
apparently, the visit of the commander of a separate
00:41:15
internal guard corps was much
00:41:17
more than just a visit; it’s not for nothing that the
00:41:20
emperor later learned the Order of St. Alexander for these events,
00:41:25
but the Moscow Governor-General and the
00:41:27
commander of the
00:41:29
fifth army corps stationed here received the Order St. Andrew the
00:41:31
First-Called, every story has its own
00:41:36
beginning and its own epilogue. On December 6, 1828, a
00:41:43
general from the infantry was appointed to the corps commander of the internal guard.
00:41:55
he
00:41:57
retires with a respectable rank and a decent
00:42:00
pension, with the
00:42:01
highest awards of that time on his chest,
00:42:03
but
00:42:05
his other legacy will not be forgotten; the
00:42:09
hardest thing is to be the first to create everything
00:42:12
from scratch, to come up with an idea to prove its
00:42:14
worth and to bring it all to life,
00:42:17
their Count Fedotovich
00:42:20
Komarovsky was the first to succeed to the commander of the internal
00:42:23
guard,
00:42:24
it was his idea of ​​​​creating special
00:42:27
troops that became the foundation of the
00:42:29
law enforcement system of the state,
00:42:32
after more than two centuries, the troops of the
00:42:35
National Guard continue to
00:42:37
carry out tasks to protect peace and
00:42:40
tranquility
00:42:44
[music]

Description:

Генерал от инфантерии граф Евграф Комаровский – знаковая фигура для Росгвардии. Именно он стоял у истоков создания Отдельного корпуса внутренней стражи – воинского формирования, ставшего прообразом войск национальной гвардии современной России. 29 ноября 2019 года исполняется 250 лет со дня его рождения. К юбилею первого командующего внутренней стражи вышел документальный фильм «Забытые истории Евграфа Комаровского» производства киностудии Росгвардии. Работа над фильмом заняла более полугода. Съёмочная группа посетила свыше пятнадцати различных локаций в Санкт-Петербурге и Москве, среди которых Зимний дворец, Русский музей, Петропавловская крепость, московский Кремль, Александровский сад, а также отдельная дивизия имени Дзержинского. Режиссёр монтажа майор Евгений Серов провёл колоссальную работу по отбору лучших кадров из более чем двадцати часов отснятого материала, результатом которой стал сорокатрёхминутный фильм. Автор сценария и руководитель проекта полковник Виктор Болтиков при работе над текстом опирался на воспоминания графа – его «Записки», которые представляют собой яркое и подробное свидетельство эпохи от времён царствования Екатерины Великой до правления Николая Первого. Кроме того, автор изучил громадный пласт исторической и художественной литературы, архивные материалы и воспоминания современников графа. В документальном фильме представлены параллели истории и современности. Многое из того, что было внедрено при графе Комаровском, в настоящее время получило своё развитие. Проводником сквозь времена и эпохи в фильме стал ведущий, в качестве которого выступил научный редактор киностудии капитан Артём Безденежных. Несмотря на то, что это был его дебют в такой роли, офицер отлично справился с задачей. Благодаря ведущему повествование получилось цельным и связанным, несмотря на историческую удалённость событий. Широкое применение в документальном фильме получили современные визуальные технологии. Это видно с первых кадров, когда на экране во всех деталях обстановки появляется рабочий кабинет графа. Кроме того, специалист по компьютерной графике прапорщик Сергей Кравчак сумел воссоздать маршрут Таврического вояжа Екатерины Великой, ход битвы при Бассиньяно, территориальное деление округов внутренней стражи и многое другое. Так, на экране ожили картины художницы Татьяны Хухуа, иллюстрирующие «Записки графа Е.Ф. Комаровского». По отзывам первых зрителей, фильм смотрится на одном дыхании. Коллектив киностудии надеется, что их труд сможет оценить широкая аудитория, как сотрудников и военнослужащих Росгвардии, так и общества в целом. Здесь через судьбу одного человека представлены события, оказавшие громадное влияние на историю Российского государства. В канун юбилейной даты удалось собрать воедино все факты и рассказать, какой путь прошёл Евграф Федотович, как заслужил генеральский мундир, и почему сегодня о нем вспоминают. Обо всём этом – в полнометражном документальном фильме «Забытые истории Евграфа Комаровского». #комаровский250#видеоросгвардия#росгвардия#ФСВНГРФ#войсканациональнойгвардииРФ#ОМОН#СОБР#спецназ#вобъективеРосгвардия Официальный интернет-сайт Росгвардии: http://www.rosgvard.ru/ Мы "В контакте": https://vk.com/rosgvard_official Мы в Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/unsupportedbrowser Мы в "Instagram": https://www.facebook.com/unsupportedbrowser

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