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Russian
00:00:02
that supposedly Russian Prime Minister00:00:04
Mishustin ordered the creation of some kind of00:00:07
language commission to carry out reforms.00:00:09
I then also filmed the reaction to this00:00:12
news; however, the reaction turned out to be00:00:13
quite humorous because nothing00:00:16
serious in all respects could be00:00:18
said about it at that time. It will be00:00:22
within the bounds of the law that violators of presidential00:00:24
decrees will be washed in the toilet,00:00:26
and on00:00:27
November 9, 2021, the Ministry of00:00:31
Education published a new set of00:00:33
rules for Russian spelling,00:00:34
it plans to somehow bring it to mind,00:00:37
maybe add some more punctuation00:00:39
and approve it at the end of the year, I00:00:41
propose to make a review of this00:00:44
project, so to speak, and compare the new set with the00:00:47
old one, a few words about yourself why you might00:00:50
be interested in listening to me, well,00:00:53
firstly, my name is Nikita Alekseevich, this is00:00:55
already a reason to pay attention, so to speak, and00:00:58
secondly, I’m a linguist, and I also00:01:00
work on the history of Russian spelling00:01:01
on my channel there is a course on the history of00:01:04
Russian orthography from the adoption00:01:05
of writing to the present day,00:01:08
maybe someone is curious, and thirdly, I am in00:01:09
no way connected with the Institute of the Russian00:01:11
Language, not with the spelling commission,00:01:13
personally, not with anyone, and I’m not familiar here, I just00:01:15
listened to some lectures, so my00:01:17
opinion is probably a little more00:01:19
impartially00:01:20
than other media experts00:01:24
[music]00:01:29
first, many people mix language and00:01:32
writing, but this is incorrect, spelling is00:01:35
just a set of ways to convey00:01:37
speech in writing, it can be any essence of what was00:01:40
said, and also the language does not00:01:42
change because it says that now00:01:44
some kind of language reform will happen this00:01:48
gross ignorance of the00:01:50
second in our fellow citizens’ heads often00:01:53
coexists 2 generally opposite00:01:56
desires, they want to eat fish and eat00:02:00
them00:02:05
on the one hand, such people do not want to00:02:08
change anything in the ingrained practice,00:02:10
any change from above is perceived00:02:12
either as an attack on the sacred or00:02:15
as another sabotage and waste of00:02:18
budget money, on the other hand, they00:02:21
want spelling to be uniform00:02:23
in the rules, certainty, and for everyone to00:02:26
write correctly, but for00:02:28
some reason the thought does not occur to them that completely00:02:30
distributing uniform spelling00:02:32
is possible only if there are strong00:02:33
state institutions that00:02:35
distribute correct forms and00:02:38
eliminate incorrect, the thought does not occur to00:02:40
me that someone, and most likely00:02:43
everyone, will simply have to00:02:45
give up their habits in various nuances and that they00:02:48
also probably need some kind of00:02:50
oversight body for spelling in private presses, they00:02:52
probably need some kind of fines for00:02:55
spelling errors, but fortunately00:02:57
nothing So far we have no00:02:59
plans for this, so the intelligentsia00:03:02
public needs to decide either to00:03:05
take off the cross or put on panties, or it00:03:07
ceases to be that literacy is supposedly falling,00:03:09
everyone writes at random, or00:03:12
they unconditionally accept all the00:03:13
decisions of the Ministry of Education,00:03:15
I personally prefer the first decision in00:03:19
spelling variability, I don’t I see00:03:21
nothing bad, it has always been there,00:03:24
moreover, it is included in the rules that are00:03:26
relevant now,00:03:27
and not all decisions of officials are associated00:03:31
with common sense and not all decisions of the00:03:33
spelling commission are dictated by00:03:35
scientific truth00:03:36
[music] the00:03:44
last reform of Russian spelling00:03:47
took place already in 1956, when the00:03:50
current set of subsequent00:03:53
reforms was adopted, but the reforms for the whole 400:03:56
years may have failed, forcing its00:03:59
ardent supporter00:04:01
Nikita Khrushchev, and also because of the general00:04:04
conservative turn in politics, as00:04:06
we know, the so-called era of00:04:08
stagnation began, for example, during this reform, it was00:04:12
proposed to write a hare with e cucumbers and00:04:15
at the end and in general in one word the reforms of00:04:18
2002 failed, as it is believed, under the00:04:21
pressure of the public and at a high00:04:23
level from the position then voiced by00:04:25
Lyudmila Putina, also the president’s wife, the00:04:28
failed reforms were remembered by the00:04:30
public for the fact that it was proposed to write a brochure on it, a00:04:32
parachute jury through the00:04:36
modern man in the street can00:04:38
then be annoyed by the spelling or giggle at00:04:40
them, but to those who are insightful in the theory00:04:43
of spelling, to those who have a strong mentality in00:04:46
linguistics, such spellings might00:04:50
seem even more appropriate, just00:04:53
as linguists of the past found00:04:54
older spellings inappropriate and00:04:56
approved new ones, let’s say the devil through it they00:04:59
through o others after an hour and not after00:05:02
apparently through a hyphen and not merged00:05:03
happiness through s h and not through and bullfinch00:05:06
through e and not through and00:05:08
so what kind of way out in the last 65 years00:05:12
have spellings found 100 conditions of such00:05:14
anti-reform public00:05:17
sentiments? It’s very easy to take00:05:20
small steps that don’t create a lot of00:05:23
noise After all, you will agree that it is one thing to00:05:25
announce that now there will be a spelling reform00:05:28
from various spelling reforms00:05:30
of society, and so tired in the 20th century,00:05:33
another thing is to make some kind of00:05:37
next edition of an academic00:05:40
spelling dictionary,00:05:42
so even now the question may arise in00:05:45
our minds that a spelling reform is planned00:05:48
in the coming there for a year or two, or is it00:05:50
basically nothing special? We’re00:05:53
sitting quietly, well,00:05:55
I won’t give answers to this question, I’ll00:05:58
leave it to the judgment of his00:06:00
discerning viewers, member of the00:06:02
spelling commission Vladimir00:06:05
Pakhomov assures all the spellings00:06:08
we’re talking about from the exchange of dictionaries a00:06:10
long time ago - long recorded and00:06:11
regulated, you just need to write00:06:14
them down in the rules, that is, you just need to00:06:16
put into one document what has already00:06:19
been accepted for a long time in different layers and00:06:20
reference books00:06:23
[music] I00:06:28
must admit that the code of 56 personally00:06:31
leaves a much clearer00:06:33
impression on me with one the sides seem to00:06:36
have become more detailed,00:06:38
more unambiguous before the wording, but on the other hand, and much00:06:42
more ponderous, the00:06:44
number of examples has also increased several times, although00:06:46
it is unclear why there are so many of them, because anyway, it does00:06:48
not pretend to be complete; for00:06:51
comparison, the orthographic part of the code of 5600:06:54
occupies 15 thousand captivity words or 5000:06:57
one page of the code is 21 years old, it00:07:00
occupies 33 thousand words or 130 one00:07:04
page, that is, the code has more than00:07:05
doubled. Still, we should not forget that if00:07:08
this document is designed for at least00:07:10
some practical use, then00:07:12
its brevity will be a definite00:07:14
advantage00:07:19
[ music]00:07:22
both sets have a direct look at00:07:25
them, we read the set of 56, this set of00:07:29
rules of Russian spelling and punctuation00:07:30
is the first complete set, since the00:07:33
famous work of academician Yakov Karlych and00:07:35
Grot Russian spelling is devoted to the00:07:37
consideration of the advantages of individual00:07:39
unclear and controversial cases of spelling and a00:07:41
complete set of rules Russian punctuation has00:07:43
not yet existed at all,00:07:46
well, one cannot but agree with this for now,00:07:50
modern Russian spelling00:07:52
underwent simplification in 1918 when00:07:55
archaic remnants were eliminated in it,00:07:57
but it cannot be considered00:07:59
as outdated and backward, therefore there is no00:08:02
need not to abolish it, to the extent that00:08:04
modern Russian00:08:06
spelling needs to be formed only in ordering00:08:08
into improvements, well, here00:08:11
the question already arises: what, first of all, the authors from the00:08:15
raid declare their subjective00:08:17
position that spelling before 1918 was00:08:20
supposedly full of archaic remnants, well00:08:23
please, such an opinion has a right to00:08:24
exist, but I probably wouldn’t want to00:08:26
see it in any way - then a neutral00:08:29
document that does not directly relate to this topic at all,00:08:31
or in a scientific text,00:08:34
secondly, the authors are trying to prevent00:08:37
all further reforms, or, on the contrary,00:08:39
counter-reforms say that there is no need for them,00:08:43
thirdly, although now00:08:47
the restoration of ’56 is considered to be precisely the00:08:50
spelling reforms,00:08:52
they quite noticeably affected00:08:54
subsequent to Russian photographic00:08:56
practice, the authors of the code themselves disown00:09:00
the words reform and they call their changes00:09:03
only the streamlining of improvements in00:09:06
Russian about the description of the 19th and early00:09:09
twentieth centuries, a certain00:09:11
amount of fluctuations and contradictions accumulated; the00:09:14
spelling reform of 1918, by00:09:17
its very nature, could not00:09:18
completely eliminate them, and after it the connections with00:09:21
the growth of the vocabulary of the Russian00:09:22
literary language of the Soviet era, a00:09:24
new case of orthographic duality has appeared;00:09:28
spelling inconsistency is shaking the00:09:30
general system of descriptions and causing00:09:32
many difficulties in the work of00:09:33
publishing houses, as well as since we are00:09:35
teaching,00:09:36
okay, well, now let's look at the direct00:09:40
was at the age of 21, it is reported that the00:09:43
last the code was created in the sixth00:09:45
year and then, naturally, during this time a00:09:47
number of significant omissions and inaccuracies were discovered in the wording of the rules; in00:09:52
addition, changes occurred that00:09:54
undermined the spelling rules,00:09:56
new words appeared, types of words,00:09:58
constructions the spelling of which is00:10:00
not regulated by the existing rules00:10:01
and therefore experiences00:10:03
fluctuations during the use of the00:10:05
current rules, it was discovered that00:10:07
some of the identifications were00:10:08
initial I was covered this causes00:10:11
difficulty for writers and students of00:10:13
Russian writing provokes inconsistency00:10:15
shipyard graphic practice the set of rules00:10:18
there are no recommendations on the use of letters and00:10:20
many recommendations on00:10:22
the use of capital letters are briefly outdated in general in00:10:25
both direct lines the argumentation is almost00:10:27
identical and there and there we are talking about the fact00:10:29
that the previous rules turned out to be incomplete,00:10:32
many new words appeared, there are00:10:35
spelling discrepancies that supposedly00:10:38
undermine the rules of Russian00:10:40
spelling, a00:10:41
very crooked wording by the way, the authors of00:10:44
this text confused the usage and the00:10:47
rules themselves as a set of some kind of00:10:49
instructions because it sounds the same00:10:52
It’s strange, just like let’s say that a snow-covered00:10:55
road or a phone in the driver’s hands00:10:58
undermines the traffic rules, if00:11:01
we continue the metaphor of the Serbian academician that it’s00:11:06
difficult to read an illiterate description, as if you’re driving along a frozen00:11:08
road,00:11:10
the authors of both the old and the new code00:11:13
disown the words spelling reform,00:11:16
the truth is old in the code, this was done in the00:11:18
document itself, and in the case of the new one, such00:11:21
comments were simply given to the media. The reasons, it00:11:23
seems to me, are that the statement of the new00:11:26
reform excites and00:11:28
irritates the public too much; well, both codes do not00:11:33
claim to be complete in presentation; they are not00:11:35
constantly referred to currently relevant00:11:37
spelling dictionaries. those00:11:40
spellings that still made it into the code00:11:42
are assumed to have been approved since 1956,00:11:45
there were various re-editions of academic00:11:47
dictionaries, the last Russian00:11:49
spelling dictionary edited by00:11:50
Lopatin was re-published in 2015,00:11:53
however, you will still compare only00:11:55
these two codes without going into details in which00:11:57
year after 1956 in which -the00:12:00
dictionary and entered a new spelling,00:12:09
so when reviewing everyone, but we will also need to00:12:12
answer two questions: first, how much does00:12:15
the innovation fit into00:12:17
the logic of the surf graphics system 2,00:12:20
how much does the innovation correspond to00:12:22
the horror about the first unified principle of00:12:25
devices, spelling we don’t have, but there is a00:12:28
dominant one that covers about00:12:30
90 percent of all spellings are based on a00:12:33
morphological principle, that is, one that00:12:35
assumes the same spelling of all00:12:37
marfes, regardless of pronunciation, the00:12:40
choice of each letter is determined by00:12:42
what sound of a strong position it conveys,00:12:44
say we always write the root the00:12:47
same way in both, although we bring it differently00:12:50
water water about the second Usus is the00:12:56
same as language use, language00:12:58
practice, that is, how they actually write,00:13:02
unfortunately there is no clear boundary between the00:13:04
spellings that have been established in the00:13:06
course of language and simply illiterate00:13:09
spellings. For seven, we will00:13:10
assume that in principle there is no such factor as00:13:13
illiteracy in the development of writing00:13:16
it is evaluative, it is00:13:18
culturally conditioned and therefore we will00:13:21
leave it to any teacher and prescriptivism;00:13:24
fortunately, now there are more or less00:13:26
objective ways to determine how the00:13:29
majority writes, these are corpuses of texts and00:13:32
search engine statistics in Google Books00:13:35
are searched in books and articles, that is,00:13:37
these are examples of the most verified texts00:13:39
which most likely were a proofreader if00:13:42
something, this seems to be the most reliable00:13:44
tool that in general but00:13:45
now exists because this is the largest00:13:46
corpus of texts in Russian in the world, you00:13:49
can also see the original00:13:51
original buildings and even where00:13:54
text recognition is used for publishing00:13:56
printed especially in the 20th century, the level of00:13:59
recognition is very good, high-quality00:14:02
in the search engine, there are statistics because what00:14:05
got on the Internet is indexed, also most00:14:07
often these are verified texts, but00:14:09
not necessarily strictly in00:14:12
the statistics of search queries, we00:14:14
see the most direct reflection of how00:14:16
people write in general, so the main question00:14:20
when approving any writing according to the00:14:24
column st, they need to first of all00:14:25
rely on the usage or on theoretical00:14:29
justifications, well, if there are contradictions between them, there is no00:14:32
right or wrong00:14:34
answer here, I think, but my personal00:14:37
opinion is that if non-morphological00:14:40
writing does not predominate in multiples, the university00:14:43
senate is morphological, then enter it as00:14:47
normative, as Lenin said, is00:14:50
complete idiocy, so if we00:14:54
find among innovations a spelling00:14:56
that corresponds to the morphological00:14:58
principle and does not contradict other00:15:00
rules and the most common usage,00:15:03
this is definitely a sign that the innovation is00:15:05
true, but if any of these three00:15:07
points is missing, then think about it00:15:11
[music]00:15:16
e or and after consonant borrowings00:15:20
since 1956 it regulates so after00:15:22
consonants it is written e except for the words prrr and00:15:26
also some proper names in the code of00:15:28
21 years we also see approved00:15:31
words laptop plein air racketeer rap through00:15:35
few people noticed but also in comparison00:15:38
with the old code they changed the spelling of the00:15:40
linguist's last name to Alexander d n00:15:42
a d courtenay, before that it was written with an e at the00:15:44
end, now they write00:15:47
what is the spelling of plein air racketeer rap00:15:51
in full and morphological and fanatical,00:15:54
this is good as for the word laptop to, but how00:15:59
recent borrowings are found in the00:16:01
language in pronunciation and like a laptop and like a00:16:04
laptop, I personally say the first way and it00:16:07
seems to me that it is more common,00:16:09
then we’ll check this one in the corpus so00:16:12
we’ll see how these spellings00:16:14
correspond to horror, what about the words00:16:17
plein air parent the proposed spelling00:16:20
generally corresponds, yes there are other00:16:23
spellings, sometimes some of them are quite00:16:25
significant but still, the data on the00:16:28
word rap is not very indicative, of course,00:16:31
because it can be either an00:16:32
abbreviation or, when written through it, it00:16:34
can be about help or00:16:36
rehearsal, even but it still seems00:16:39
reasonable that most00:16:41
word usage refers specifically to the00:16:43
genre of music now about the word laptop00:16:45
turns out that writing through a00:16:48
significantly prevails over writing00:16:50
through and search engine results; this is 700:16:53
million 100 thousand hits versus00:16:55
only 428 thousand, that is, a difference of00:16:58
14 times, which is probably why the00:17:01
familiar description of laptop pains me, but00:17:04
suddenly in printed literature00:17:07
writing through still prevails and there are00:17:09
nine times more of them and00:17:12
there are also three times more search queries, by the way.00:17:15
Strange data, I don’t even know how to interpret it.00:17:20
Now let’s think about how00:17:22
good this innovation is overall. It seems to me that00:17:25
this is a step in the right direction00:17:26
compared to putting myself back from the sixth year,00:17:29
but all the same, the old problem has not disappeared00:17:31
that there is no single rule for writing00:17:33
this type of words and, in fact, for each one00:17:35
you need to go to the dictionary. In this case, it is not00:17:38
clear why some possibly00:17:39
controversial spellings should be included in the code, the00:17:42
old spellings still remain, say,00:17:44
requiem dandy delta model cousin slang00:17:47
coupe pence on and tourney puree all this is00:17:49
still written through e but here00:17:51
the spelling has become a victim of the harmony of the00:17:53
system for the sake of the usage in which it is customary to00:17:55
write all such words e they from the00:17:59
obvious shortcomings of this paragraph of the rules I00:18:01
will note that among the proper names it is00:18:03
called this that there is no emphasis00:18:07
personally, at first I thought about the00:18:09
French Rambo belt and only then00:18:12
I remembered that there are still heroes of00:18:14
films with Stallone Rambo probably00:18:17
still meant 2 since it00:18:20
was customary to write through it anyway and the poet00:18:23
described themselves through e00:18:27
[ music]00:18:30
brings together 21 years of words chant raincoat00:18:33
fabric small things written through o The last00:18:36
two words appeared in the language only00:18:38
in the seventies because the old codes, in00:18:40
principle, could not cover the words chant00:18:42
appeared earlier in 1920 but for some reason 1000:18:46
but was also not noticed and in general all00:18:48
these words entered the dictionary and quite00:18:50
late, according to the modern rules of writing00:18:52
about or and after hissing, it is based on a rare00:18:55
orthographic principle, symbolic. In00:18:57
this case, the difference in spelling depends00:18:59
on their conscious delimitation of00:19:01
spelling on the basis of some00:19:04
abstract idea, and here the reason for the00:19:06
difference in spelling was00:19:07
word formation, so to speak, differs00:19:10
nouns with suffixes after sibilants00:19:12
are formed from verbs and from names,00:19:14
for example, spend the night overnight nomad nomad00:19:17
to stir sizes to everything is written00:19:19
through e but pear grushevka knife hacksaw cherry plum00:19:23
cherry plum vko through about that hour the usage00:19:27
regarding our three words sharply00:19:29
contradicts the rules they should be written00:19:32
through about like because chevka is00:19:35
the word speech raincoat fabric this is from the00:19:37
adjective raincoat fabric00:19:39
and small things words trifle at the same time that00:19:43
Uzus says you see on the screen chevka00:19:46
almost 130 thousand spelling from spruce and00:19:49
against only 8 thousand writing about according to the00:19:51
rules raincoat fabric two million two hundred00:19:55
twenty-one thousand against 105 thousand00:19:57
small things almost 700,000 against 52 about00:20:02
the word raincoat, you see how the struggle went on; the00:20:04
normative spelling began to win in00:20:07
1985 in the 80s, then it retreated,00:20:11
then it again took the lead in 2009, the00:20:14
tenth there, the 13th, and the basic one00:20:17
retreated again; neither the normative spelling00:20:20
dictionary of the Russian language in the ninety-00:20:21
first year it even followed the horror and00:20:23
codified the description from Yoko to the norm,00:20:25
but this point was revised and so the code00:20:28
got something that sharply contradicts everyday life00:20:31
and to be honest, I don’t even know whether they took the00:20:33
side of spelling or usus,00:20:36
that’s what the argument is for defending the spelling00:20:38
through o is given in the answer on the website00:20:40
gramota ru by scientists harp it00:20:43
was decided to revise the physical recommendation00:20:45
in order to bring the words small things raincoat fabric00:20:47
chant under the general rule, of course it would be possible to00:20:50
codify the letters that have been established in00:20:51
practice writing writing small things raincoat fabric00:20:53
chant through it as an00:20:56
exception but is it necessary to consolidate new ones00:20:58
other exceptions are being loosened scarf00:21:00
graphic system according to this model,00:21:02
new words could well appear; they will00:21:04
have to be recorded too with it as a00:21:06
result of words having eaten at some point it00:21:08
may become more than that and then it00:21:11
will be necessary to change the rules; the00:21:12
codifier policy of today is aimed at00:21:14
maintaining the systematicity of Russian orthography00:21:19
[music]00:21:24
in the preamble of the new code it was stated that00:21:26
in the old there are no recommendations on00:21:28
the use of the letter and briefly, and the new code00:21:31
apparently should correct this, what is generally00:21:33
said about the use of the letter th we are reduced00:21:35
from the sixth year, the only thing that00:21:38
somehow relates to this is such a00:21:39
rule in foreign words at the beginning of words00:21:42
and after the vowels the place of the letter and pier and00:21:45
a short o for example j&j district major00:21:48
sent 56 years old requires clarification00:21:52
since it is contradicted by the horror for a number of00:21:53
borrowings of Jörmungand Yorga this was00:21:57
corrected in 21 years with such00:21:59
wording already in a separate paragraph and the00:22:01
letter th in a limited range of words00:22:04
of foreign origin in including in00:22:06
proper names and a short one is written00:22:09
before o at the beginning of a word or after eyes on,00:22:11
however, the new code does not contain any00:22:14
information about the use of the letter and well,00:22:16
except for those that need to be written in the00:22:17
divide and endings and so on, that is,00:22:19
only positions are indicated but not situations,00:22:22
despite the fact that in the old days they have a00:22:24
whole separate paragraph listing00:22:26
all the situations I quote the letters and write the00:22:29
following cases first when it is00:22:31
necessary to prevent incorrect reading00:22:33
and understanding of a word 2 when it is necessary to indicate the00:22:36
pronunciation of a little-known word 300:22:38
special texts of the primer in school00:22:41
textbooks00:22:42
how we understand this rule gives a lot of00:22:45
scope for variability, which is likely to00:22:48
be assessed negatively by div frames since00:22:49
their goal is to prevent discrepancies in00:22:52
writing as consistently00:22:54
and in all words where it is00:22:56
possible, as for example I write and as00:22:59
many other people write, it seems like it00:23:02
can be considered a mistake at all rules in the00:23:04
new code, as I already said, the moment was00:23:07
consumption situations and was simply00:23:08
ignored, although you could00:23:11
finally pluck up the courage and make00:23:13
one of several possible decisions or00:23:15
cancel the letter e and make two dots,00:23:18
say, the same optional00:23:20
lowercase sign as the accent mark, by00:23:23
the way, was before the reform, that is, 917-17,00:23:26
that is, there was such a style,00:23:28
but it was not considered a separate letter, or the00:23:31
second option is to make letters and00:23:32
mandatory in all cases, as it00:23:34
was from 1942 to 56, or as is now the00:23:38
Belarusian orthography, or the00:23:41
third option is to at least equalize the letters e and00:23:43
and you with your own so that people00:23:45
who have the letter e have their surnames exchanged,00:23:47
there are no incidents when preparing00:23:49
documents that need to be met now, then it00:23:53
turns out that the new code00:23:56
has eliminated one of the old ones, but it’s not a particularly00:23:59
significant defect, however00:24:02
did nothing with another much more noticeable00:24:04
flaw in the00:24:11
essence of the rule about suffixes and books00:24:13
in the new code repeated the rules of the00:24:16
old code a quick eye on the00:24:18
letter e is transmitted here and not a fluent letter and it is curious00:24:22
that the list of examples for this rule00:24:24
included the words TV, as you know,00:24:26
there is a newspaper with that name, but00:24:28
it is written there with an e, this word, by the way, is00:24:32
the only one, and where there is a00:24:34
discrepancy between horror and normalization,00:24:37
most people still write the word00:24:39
TV through e-books show an unusual00:24:43
result, the spelling of eating prevailed00:24:45
even in them, but only from 1986 to 96 and00:24:49
then again the option according to the rules won,00:24:52
in general, my opinion is that before accepting the00:24:55
spelling of TV through and it was00:24:57
correct because this spelling of00:25:00
raf is logical to auz here it gives too00:25:02
different data, it’s00:25:04
curious just what kind of00:25:06
deputy would now come up with the idea of00:25:08
fining a newspaper for a spelling00:25:10
error in the title, after all, we have According to the law on the00:25:13
state language, in00:25:15
media products it is not00:25:17
allowed to use words and00:25:19
expressions that do not comply with the norms of the00:25:21
modern Russian literary00:25:22
language00:25:23
[music]00:25:29
has a long history of lisa whether to incline the name00:25:32
to and I live in Ivanovo or conclusions in00:25:35
Golyanovo or in Golyan food to love but00:25:38
or Before Lyublino, this topic usually00:25:41
causes heated debate among people. I00:25:44
have a video on my channel about the history of the creature, which is00:25:45
nuanced, why so, who cares,00:25:47
look, the00:25:49
ignorant public is often convinced that the00:25:51
declensions of such names are00:25:53
incorrect, this is generally a distortion00:25:55
of the language, and00:25:57
unfortunately, it is this part of the public that is00:26:00
most actively in prescriptivism00:26:02
and tries to correct others, however, the name on00:26:05
we incline hey the version is historically00:26:07
older and it actually never left the00:26:10
literary norm, a00:26:12
classic example from vermouth, you were after all, there00:26:15
were battle fights, and they say, it’s not for00:26:18
nothing that all of Russia remembers about00:26:21
Borodin’s day in the late Soviet era time the norm00:26:24
was adopted in two ways, it is possible both this way and that way,00:26:27
in truth, it was not necessary to00:26:29
introduce a code because this is a thing from the00:26:32
area of frequent errors but not from the general00:26:34
rule because the declension of toponyms00:26:36
can also be derived from the general rule and in00:26:38
general this is not spelling in its pure00:26:41
form this grammar, but nevertheless, the00:26:44
compilers of the new code did not ignore this00:26:47
point, although in the code of the entire sixth00:26:49
year nothing was said about this at all00:26:51
and00:26:52
they once again normalized00:26:55
its toponym and brought the00:26:57
form of the instrumental00:26:58
case in the names of settlements and00:27:01
territories to the context of spelling his and and on and on the00:27:03
forums of the instrumental case it00:27:05
is also written about for example Kryukov under the hook00:27:08
Odintsovo Odintsov Golitsino Golitsyn village00:27:12
Marina village Marina Kosova obliquely compare00:27:15
under the stress of Borodin under Borodin00:27:17
Strogono page 1 well, such a good,00:27:21
clean morphological principle00:27:30
code of 56 about the end of their prepositional00:27:32
case nouns on ia00:27:35
nouns of the masculine and neuter gender00:27:37
in the proposed support and in00:27:38
feminine nouns on a ya in the00:27:40
dative and prepositional cases of the00:27:41
singular is written in the not deleted00:27:43
position and only if it00:27:46
precedes it too and for example dress her00:27:49
eyes in the form of along the river and00:27:53
and so on, but this is what has been said for 2100:27:56
years on the same issue,00:27:58
a few nouns on and and00:28:00
I with one complex stem have in the00:28:03
indicated hold an unstressed position00:28:04
according to the general rules of ending e a list of00:28:07
such words snake snake kiakia variant okay00:28:12
these legendary founder of Kiev occhi00:28:15
che00:28:16
plants and what am I vi-v vv peak ape with Papa00:28:21
Pie and so on now let's look at the usage of00:28:24
different words from books, take the forms a00:28:26
snakes ali on bey ve00:28:32
aki00:28:34
as you can see, including the endings and and for00:28:38
masculine words already in the fifty-00:28:40
sixth year was a mistake such forms00:28:42
then no longer prevailed in horror and the00:28:44
number did not grow, this is clearly seen from the00:28:47
examples of ok Evi about the snake won and the snakes a00:28:52
few years after the release of the code,00:28:55
so I think it’s good that the00:28:57
spelling was changed in the new rules and they now00:28:59
obey the morphological principle,00:29:01
however, even in the rules of the new code00:29:04
there is a weak link - these are words of the feminine00:29:06
gender,00:29:08
as we see so far, the spelling of ali00:29:11
nabi00:29:13
prevails over olya and on linen, the second with00:29:17
varying success, and 1 stable reason00:29:21
for this seems to me that00:29:22
non-monosyllabic words of the00:29:24
feminine gender have too strong an influence on and i we write in the army00:29:28
about Maria in Russia, writing in the army about00:29:34
Maria in Russia in the old spelling00:29:37
went out of use in the 18th and 19th centuries,00:29:41
although they correspond to the marfa00:29:43
disk principle, because it will be under stress00:29:45
and yes it is in rare words, but that’s all they00:29:50
exist, they reflect the living mechanism of language,00:29:51
for example, exactly like zulfiya prepositional00:29:55
case o zulfiya judge and 5 mia well, personally, I00:29:59
would write about judges about e 5 mi e in general00:30:02
that the rules in the old code, what in the new one00:30:05
seems not worked out, the best00:30:08
choice is the least resistance00:30:09
It seems horrifying to give the ending to00:30:12
all words of the feminine gender and to all the evil of the00:30:16
masculine gender and discard this stupid00:30:18
classification based on the number of00:30:19
syllables00:30:20
[music]00:30:26
this topic is one of the most difficult in Russian00:30:29
spelling, perhaps because here it is00:30:31
impossible to look at the correctness or00:30:34
incorrectness of spelling through the optics of those00:30:36
known to us spelling principles of the00:30:38
morphological fanatical and sometimes00:30:41
even historical gaps of the modern00:30:43
type of word division lexically were00:30:45
finally consolidated relatively00:30:47
recently at the end of the 18th century and the variability00:30:50
was incredibly large until the beginning00:30:52
of the twentieth and00:30:54
the only remaining principle is00:30:56
symbolic through merged and separate00:30:58
or hyphenated spelling we understand how00:31:01
the spelling of st and how people in general look00:31:04
at the essence of these linguistic units and00:31:07
the need to codify spelling has00:31:09
given rise to a number of theoretical problems,00:31:11
say how in Russian to clearly00:31:13
distinguish words from parts of words, this is00:31:16
especially still clear from the writing of00:31:19
adverbs or proper names in the presentation of00:31:22
this orthographic nuance, which00:31:24
seems to me both the code is fundamentally00:31:26
no different from each other, and here and there00:31:29
the rules remain quite vague and00:31:31
tricky, so in my opinion,00:31:34
it’s easier to just remember the spelling; they are00:31:36
guided by the letter of the rule when00:31:39
writing them; we’ll look at this part00:31:41
of spelling in more detail in one of the00:31:43
following videos on channel on the history of00:31:45
the gap, and now we’ll just look at00:31:47
some examples that caught my00:31:50
eye in the code of 56,00:31:52
absolutely outdated does not correspond to00:31:54
the horror, the spelling of at least 3 names and00:31:57
Don Quixote and Don Juan and Van Dyck is now00:32:01
written without a hyphen separately00:32:03
in the case of Don Quixote in the air separate00:32:06
spelling defeated the hyphen in 1978,00:32:09
judging by the search queries, the part00:32:12
hyphenated from the word is not written at all by the00:32:14
spelling of Don Juan with a hyphen, also00:32:18
lost back in 1963, search00:32:21
queries are also identical to van Dyck,00:32:25
hyphenated, lost in 7 seventh year and it00:32:29
too now, in principle so no one00:32:31
introduces the code of 21 years, for some reason these00:32:34
fairly frequent examples were omitted, that00:32:36
is, they did not officially eliminate the old00:32:39
spellings, but these words came across as common00:32:42
nouns that came from00:32:44
proper ones and began to be written with a small00:32:45
letter, here the spelling of the data is all together00:32:48
and you need the number Don Quixote and Don Juan,00:32:50
yes, this reflects the usage, but does not cancel the00:32:54
practically outdated rule for00:32:55
writing these words, respectively, you need to00:32:58
go to the dictionary00:33:00
the name of the Amu Darya river with a hyphen, also the00:33:03
flax knot is outdated, it was lost back in00:33:06
68, but it was also not refuted in the00:33:09
new code00:33:10
due to the interjection about gaga it the spelling00:33:14
with two typhes themselves is the only one which,00:33:17
even at the time of the adoption of the code, was not00:33:19
dominant I will be si so it did not00:33:22
become one in the end it seems to me that I have never00:33:24
even seen such a mts they needed00:33:26
even in books00:33:29
the option aha gas absolutely predominates with one hyphen after the 3rd00:33:31
letter Well, in recent years, the00:33:34
number of uses without hyphens at all has been growing,00:33:36
and with all that, the spelling side by00:33:39
side with two diffs themselves was included in the00:33:42
new code; this, of course, needs to be removed,00:33:45
add the spelling with one hyphen, and00:33:47
besides, it turns out that now it’s00:33:48
inconsistent because the words are just00:33:51
both in it are written together well, to friends,00:33:54
in fact, now no one is writing00:33:56
another incident of the new code is that he00:33:59
proposes to write the name Jean Jacques00:34:01
separately instead of the hyphenated spelling of00:34:03
the code of 56, I think that the discerning00:34:07
public is still accustomed to seeing, say, the00:34:09
spelling of Jean Jacques Rousseau for me with a00:34:11
hyphen on this time the situation is curious and00:34:14
separate spelling noticeably prevails00:34:16
in search queries00:34:17
but loses in books, you know, it00:34:20
seems to me that most non-hyphenated00:34:22
spellings in queries can be explained00:34:24
trivially, it’s stupidly longer to type a00:34:26
phone feature, it’s also pointless00:34:29
for a number of search engines, say for Google,00:34:31
because for it spellings with a hyphen00:34:34
and without a hyphen are identical if we look at00:34:36
the statistics of requests for other words00:34:39
diffe themselves where there is usually no hesitation, we will00:34:42
still notice that there without a hyphen00:34:44
spelling usually prevail, while their number00:34:47
began to grow sharply in the years 12 13 14 when00:34:51
the mobile Internet became widespread,00:34:52
so it seems to me in queries,00:34:55
people are often just too lazy and type a hyphen;00:34:57
another example of a discrepancy with horror is00:35:01
that the new code postulates the spelling of00:35:03
surnames McGregor with a hyphen from a00:35:05
capital letter g, who would I00:35:08
mean, a wrestler or some other00:35:10
McGregor, now such spelling is in horror00:35:12
in the minority Let's say Wikipedia doesn't know a00:35:15
single McGregor with a hyphen, so00:35:18
this recommendation, too, in the new compendium00:35:19
would be worth reconsidering.00:35:21
Also, personally, for the first time in the new compendium, I saw in the new00:35:24
compilation a spelling like after aunt Vali us00:35:27
with two diffe themselves from freely on Musa in a00:35:29
capital letter as well as panel Petrovne well00:35:32
so on in the old code they00:35:34
were not mentioned at all, but now, well, now00:35:37
it’s difficult to collect statistics because00:35:39
the words are too rare, but at least00:35:41
such spellings were already in Lopatin’s reference book in00:35:43
2009, generally speaking, a00:35:46
significant part of the new code, if00:35:48
anything is borrowed from that same Lotin,00:35:50
it’s necessary in general slow slow copy-paste00:35:53
in general and only this section I00:35:57
propose the spelling of Jean-Jacques with a hyphen00:35:59
and aha aha with one hyphen after 3 letters00:36:02
as normative introduction of the opposite of the00:36:06
spelling with this is stupidity00:36:08
[music]00:36:15
for more than half a century in Russian science00:36:17
there has been a concept according to which in the00:36:20
twentieth century in the Russian language a00:36:22
separate part of speech has developed, the analytical00:36:24
adjective is called analytical,00:36:27
in contrast to the usual00:36:29
synthetic one, that is, we change the00:36:31
type of number and case of the adjective,00:36:33
it is believed that this analytical00:36:36
adjective was borrowed from the00:36:37
English language, where also the first part of00:36:41
the combination, that is, the adjectives do not00:36:42
change, and also that it is important that00:36:45
it is written separately from the main word, which,00:36:48
for example, distinguishes the English language from00:36:50
German, where this kind of construction is00:36:52
written together and is then perceived as00:36:53
just such long words to it with the00:36:57
broadest interpretations of 1c, such words as00:36:59
rock band sex symbol headquarters00:37:01
fitness club business center vip salon00:37:03
video games and pr agencies camera the00:37:06
unchangeable part the word can be00:37:08
after the changeable color khaki and for Hindi and00:37:10
solo violin the unchangeable part can also00:37:13
be among colleagues with Slavic roots00:37:15
Gorbachev Foundation Yeltsin Center Kaluga Bor00:37:18
Raikin Plaza quarterfinals it was often00:37:21
believed that recognition of the analytical00:37:23
attached, but in Russian as a separate00:37:25
type of adjective, the spelling interferes with00:37:27
the spelling, some words are written with a00:37:29
hyphen, some are written together in some sections,00:37:32
and so the new spelling code00:37:35
refused to accept this part of speech00:37:37
as a separate part of speech and once00:37:39
classified all words in classical00:37:41
ways where it stands out a bunch of some00:37:43
strange types of complex words, of course,00:37:46
this is all not indisputable, well, for example, in the same00:37:49
row were the so-called combinations00:37:51
with 1 glorious applications00:37:53
preceding the word being defined, these are00:37:56
such Internet resources miniskirt00:37:58
luna park IP address Major General00:38:01
Firebird fire girl Even the old father,00:38:04
moreover, the Internet resource got a list of those00:38:08
who are inclined towards both sides. Well, I hope00:38:10
that this is just a mistake, because otherwise00:38:12
it turns out that we are being asked to write on the00:38:14
Internet resource. When I read the codex,00:38:18
I had the feeling that some of the00:38:20
writing here does not correspond to the horrors, for00:38:22
example. minipig, as he writes with us,00:38:25
either together or with a hyphen, a business center00:38:27
with a hyphen or separately, a media holding00:38:30
together or with a hyphen, well, I selectively00:38:33
checked all the dubious writings and, at00:38:36
least according to the corpus of books, all the00:38:38
approved codes dominate the air,00:38:41
that is, I was mistaken, it seems that in00:38:43
in this matter, the only source of00:38:44
correct spellings was horror; however, it is00:38:48
strange to create some kind of linguistic classification of types only on such orthographically00:38:50
conventional writings,00:38:52
and00:38:55
even more so add it to the corpus; I00:38:57
didn’t do it better; then there are simply no00:39:00
rules and send immediately for00:39:01
each in a separate word, the dictionary00:39:05
[music]00:39:10
is the most voluminous part in both sets00:39:13
and here to the top, but its symbolic00:39:15
principle means that there will be00:39:17
very few objective within symbolic00:39:19
sources for choosing certain00:39:21
spellings and a significant role will be00:39:23
played by the current ideology under which these00:39:26
rules were the subjective00:39:29
significance of the subject for writers is also accepted, therefore00:39:32
here the difference00:39:34
between the old and new code is most strongly felt since00:39:36
the era has changed and with it00:39:39
the idea of which concepts00:39:40
should be considered quite important and00:39:42
lofty and which, on the contrary, should be00:39:44
belittled, what is written in the code of 50 hours00:39:47
of the year in the words of the church topics, the names of00:39:50
religious holidays and fasts, as well as00:39:52
days of the week and months, and the like00:39:54
are written with lowercase letters, for example,00:39:56
Christmas, Trinity Day, Shrovetide,00:39:59
Great Lent, Kurban Bayram, Thursday,00:40:01
September, now the name of all previously00:40:04
named holidays is written with a capital00:40:05
letter u 1 word this is also reflected in00:40:08
today we are left with months and weeks of truth00:40:11
with a lowercase also in the code of 2100:40:14
years there is a huge list of00:40:15
instructions for capitalizing words in00:40:17
church themes with a capital letter it is00:40:20
recommended to write the word god as the00:40:22
name of the one supreme being in00:40:24
manti from tic religions words trinity00:40:26
as the holy trinity names of god's persons00:40:29
holy trinity god father god son god00:40:31
holy spirit and glory of the virgin00:40:33
all words used place of words god00:40:36
us lord creator supreme00:40:37
keep the yard savior god man and the00:40:39
virgin on the prince rice heavenly most00:40:41
pure virgin mother of god glory00:40:43
denoting the most important concepts for the Christian00:40:45
tradition used00:40:47
meanings of proper names for example words00:40:49
as in the beginning there was the word heaven and the heavens, the00:40:52
cross of the Lord and the Last Judgment, the holy gifts,00:40:53
the holy mysteries, and so on, it’s good that00:40:57
these spellings are at least00:40:58
recommended, but not both are00:41:00
the only correct ones,00:41:02
now we look at the sacred in the code of00:41:06
56, there it is prescribed00:41:09
to write everything with a capital letter words other than the word party in00:41:11
the names of the highest party and00:41:13
state institutions the00:41:15
communist party of the Soviet Union the00:41:18
central committee the all-Union Leninist00:41:20
communist youth union the supreme00:41:23
court with sir the Soviet army the00:41:26
navy here are all the words except the word party00:41:28
with a capital letter this also applied to00:41:31
some international organizations00:41:33
Security Council of the00:41:35
United Nations Organization of the Red00:41:37
Cross Society and so on, but other parties00:41:40
besides the CPSU were supposed to be written00:41:43
in all lowercase letters Komenda00:41:46
Dashnaktsutyun00:41:48
Labor Party00:41:49
after the collapse of the USSR of course in the air the00:41:52
network Pompous names with all00:41:54
capital letters remained only for00:41:57
international organizations and for all parties00:41:59
at the same time, they returned the capital letters u 100:42:02
word so according to the reference book Lopatin and por00:42:05
umbrella lyu is written with a capital letter00:42:07
only the first word combinations central00:42:10
committee only the first word with a capital00:42:13
All-Union Leninist Communist00:42:14
Youth League only words All-Union00:42:16
Soviet army only words Sovetska00:42:19
or the names of other parties not the CPSU The00:42:21
Kuomintang Labor Party, moreover, the00:42:24
horror of the curious capital letter in00:42:27
the name, the Republican Party began to predominate00:42:30
on the lowercase back in 1988 and no longer00:42:35
lost its position on the firmware,00:42:37
of course, due to the fact that it was in00:42:41
1988 that the Republican President of the United States,00:42:43
then Ronald Reagan, visited Moscow00:42:45
and a year later they announced the end of the Cold00:42:48
War and all that stuff, that is,00:42:50
ideologically it was necessary to have five that we are00:42:52
friends now, well, and the party of the president,00:42:55
then, for the sake of respect, let’s00:42:57
write with a capital letter, the00:43:00
Soviet army with two capital letters00:43:02
turned out to be so honorable that it was only 2008 that I caught up with it about00:43:04
writing with one capital letter00:43:07
year, the central committee began to00:43:10
write sharply less with one capital letter00:43:12
when it was time for this to happen00:43:15
with the first dios in the third year, however, the00:43:17
old new spelling caught up only in00:43:20
2016, you see how it turned out to be even more00:43:22
stable than the Soviet army,00:43:25
but as for all sorts of international00:43:27
organizations, then they are still written in the same way00:43:29
as during the union,00:43:31
now let’s talk about writing exactly00:43:34
the positions of the modern state, your00:43:37
21 years and half a hundred with capital letters, not00:43:39
very much, well, here’s a quote in official00:43:42
texts, the names of the highest government00:43:44
positions, titles are written with a capital00:43:45
letter, for example, the president of the Russian00:43:48
Federation, the00:43:49
chairman of the government Russian Federation00:43:50
Chairman of the State Duma00:43:52
Prime Minister of India Her Majesty the00:43:54
Queen of England However, in unofficial00:43:57
texts these names are written with a lowercase00:43:58
letter, for example, presidential elections,00:44:01
speech by the Chairman of the State Duma,00:44:03
order of the Prime Minister, reception of00:44:05
queens, it is00:44:06
noteworthy that the same applies to00:44:08
church positions, Patriarch of Moscow00:44:11
and All Russia, Locum Tenens Patriarchal the00:44:13
throne of the ecumenical00:44:15
patriarch of Constantinople, as well as the Pope of Rome,00:44:18
was in the year 56 and such a rule in00:44:21
the texts of official messages of documents of00:44:23
writing the names of positions and00:44:25
titles of institutions and the like with00:44:26
capital and lowercase letters is determined by00:44:29
special departmental instructions,00:44:31
as you understand, this will intertwined with the fact that00:44:34
in subsequent times especially in the 90s and00:44:36
2000s, a large number of all sorts of00:44:38
bosses with a capital letter appeared,00:44:41
crap and a couple of supreme ones, squats or00:44:43
parashas, the first among equals, kings of all00:44:45
stripes, and so on, bringing 21 years with this,00:44:50
the name of educational institutions and00:44:53
the like, as well as departments and parts, was finished00:44:55
institutions and organizations that are not00:44:57
proper names are written with a lowercase00:44:59
letter, for example, the management of a00:45:02
housing construction cooperative, the00:45:03
district council of people's deputies,00:45:06
the presidium of the academic council of the department of00:45:08
foreign languages, school number 266, but at the00:45:12
same time, a rule remains in the code00:45:14
that also does not imply a closed00:45:16
list of words with a capital letter can00:45:18
some common00:45:20
nouns are written in a context where they are00:45:21
attributed a special high meaning of00:45:23
homeland and fatherland honestly freedom good00:45:25
honor person teacher master and the00:45:27
like so that a new set of texts without saving the00:45:30
reader like the writings of various00:45:32
kinds of sectarians where a high meaning00:45:34
is attributed to almost every word00:45:37
outraged many why the hell did00:45:39
they carry the new code with the following rule, also that00:45:42
is, the words you and your are written with a capital letter00:45:45
in texts intended for00:45:47
repeated use, such as a questionnaire for00:45:49
advertising leaflets, I honestly don’t like this point of the rules00:45:52
either00:45:53
because you are capitalized, I consider it00:45:55
vulgar and I myself have never using00:45:58
perhaps here the spelling st and went on the00:46:00
lead of the usage, where indeed you with a00:46:02
small letter is sometimes perceived00:46:04
almost as an error, which does not00:46:06
correspond to the current rules according to them00:46:08
you with a capital letter is generally impossible when00:46:10
addressing plurals to the addressee, and to a00:46:13
single optionally marks00:46:16
special politeness in the new code, it is not very00:46:18
clear how they divided all the names of00:46:20
goods into just a trademark, the00:46:23
name of the products themselves, and those names00:46:25
that, they say, have already become common nouns;00:46:29
in the first case, they should be written in00:46:30
quotation marks and with a capital letter, for example00:46:33
cake anniversary chocolate inspiration00:46:35
drink fanta Lada car Volga00:46:38
Toyota in the second is in quotation marks but with a00:46:42
small letter it is given by Panasonic Lada00:46:44
Mercedes, that is, you still need to guess where,00:46:47
say, Toyota is a trademark and where00:46:50
is the name of the product itself, in addition00:46:53
to this rule there are also strict00:46:54
exceptions to this name that00:46:56
duplicate exactly their own here with a00:46:58
big write the letters but in quotation marks00:47:00
Volga Oka Minsk is a refrigerator or00:47:03
Ruslan airplane in the third case you need to00:47:06
write without quotation marks and with lowercase00:47:09
coca-cola Essentuki 17 well, he said about00:47:12
this since 1956 there is nothing special, the names of00:47:18
literary works of newspapers, magazines,00:47:19
enterprises of passages stand out in quotation marks the like,00:47:21
which are conventional names,00:47:24
we highlight and quotation marks in the names of00:47:26
insignia the name as a literary00:47:27
work of newspapers, magazines of enterprises,00:47:29
institutions and other things are written with a00:47:31
capital letter, the first word and the proper00:47:33
names included in them, apparently by the00:47:35
fifty-sixth year it was still not very00:47:37
common that the name of some kind of00:47:39
trade stamps could be durable dark in a00:47:42
living language, yes, of course, there was already something, for00:47:44
example, Red October for00:47:47
Bolshevik candies for jackets, so to00:47:49
speak, perhaps there were some00:47:50
pre-revolutionary names as a keepsake, and00:47:52
but most likely at that time it was still considered an00:47:55
insignificant fact of the language so that00:47:58
this was reflected in the rules00:48:00
good this rule seems to me that no00:48:03
because again there are no clear criteria00:48:05
variability does not seem to be expected00:48:08
and that means that just a new00:48:10
list of vocabulary words appears and00:48:12
you can quickly remember this only through cramming it is00:48:15
completely unclear why coca cola and00:48:17
suddenly suddenly Essentuki 17 exactly 17, not00:48:20
just Essentuki is already a00:48:22
common noun, but let’s say flant isn’t there yet, or00:48:25
why add capital letters to Aku and Ruslana,00:48:27
and Zhiguli or Mercedes with a small one,00:48:30
because Zhiguli is also a name in honor,00:48:33
I understood the honor of the mountains, and in the Samara region, and00:48:35
Mercedes is generally originally a female00:48:37
name mercedes in Spanish it was the00:48:40
home nickname of Emily's daughter or00:48:42
neca, the creator of the mercedes trademark,00:48:44
yes, I don’t like this rule, but00:48:48
to tell the truth, I can’t00:48:50
offer any simple elegant00:48:52
solution here, I don’t know how best to write,00:48:55
maybe it would be better to leave variability00:49:00
[ music] in the00:49:04
old arch there are a number of spellings of words00:49:07
that the universities have all been outdated for a long time,00:49:09
let's see how this is regulated by a new slot00:49:12
instead of a form to strip the old arch00:49:15
there was a stripe no I have never00:49:18
heard this before and as the case shows it00:49:21
was in a clear minority already in 56 and00:49:23
now even almost never found since00:49:26
1956, establishes a combination for the00:49:28
Pavish language, however, as can be seen from the corpus,00:49:30
in subsequent decades the cutting00:49:32
gave way to a combination of Aesops, the language00:49:35
surprisingly, but none of these old00:49:38
spellings was refuted by the code, which in00:49:42
my opinion is a clouding of minds, a keychain to the fact00:49:44
that the code normalized spelling the words00:49:46
bluetooth with s at the end, firstly, this is a00:49:49
significantly rarer option in00:49:51
books and in queries and in a search engine,00:49:52
let’s put 4 million 160000 against one00:49:56
million 180 thousand, some network00:49:59
commentators expected to see in this something coming00:50:00
from the field of lexical00:50:02
norms or from grammar, which does not directly00:50:04
apply to photography, well, let's say00:50:07
statement 1 of the options in00:50:09
Belarus, Belarus, or in Ukraine,00:50:12
this did not happen because, again,00:50:14
this does not directly apply to those of the water, it is00:50:16
spelling, but based on the examples,00:50:19
one can guess the position of the author in which00:50:21
option seems more preferable00:50:23
Let's say there is an example of Western Belarus, but there is no00:50:26
Belarus, there is an example of00:50:29
Holland and the Dutch, but the Netherlands00:50:32
of the Netherlands, that is, there are no00:50:34
special names since the twentieth year, the00:50:37
new set is distinguished by a large00:50:39
number of strange words, some00:50:42
dialectisms, professionalisms, archaisms,00:50:45
in general, it is not clear why this is even00:50:47
dragged into the general national00:50:48
spelling code in the code of 56,00:50:51
such words seemed to me jok jok00:50:54
already Boolean follow palm touchings00:50:57
for halo no bodice cities nickname fort00:51:00
group com hoard sedan meanings00:51:03
military defeat and00:51:04
here you also need to make allowance for the fact that I am00:51:07
not a contemporary of the rules they were00:51:09
approved for 41 a year before I was born,00:51:11
let’s say, dumping then still prevailed over the00:51:14
bra of the basics of the cities, the nickname was known00:51:17
because it was still popular at that00:51:19
time, playing on the street in a small town in a small group,00:51:22
it’s just that there is no Soviet real carpet now,00:51:23
but here are a few words that00:51:26
seemed inappropriate to me brings 21 years the00:51:29
same zhok zhok are already ghouls you and new ones than ga00:51:34
kashiwa chennai schenkel path solony00:51:37
identity petersburg woman vechor it’s not00:51:41
true shni 7 share guseltsy delusional and00:51:45
us with such emphasis on wheelbarrows not dry00:51:47
semolina oka mishanik yuliya whose about the00:51:51
last one on the Internet I could not00:51:54
find any interpretation a word that is extremely00:51:56
alarming, not a single use in a00:51:58
real text, wherever this word00:52:00
supposedly exists, it turns out that this is not true00:52:02
and the recognition of words clerk, moreover,00:52:05
the word is sometimes found in other00:52:07
spelling works, so my00:52:09
guess was once upon a time when creating an00:52:12
electronic version of some00:52:13
printed reference book the text was incorrectly00:52:16
recognized, the error corrector didn’t notice,00:52:18
decided that, well, that is, such a rare word,00:52:20
it ended up in one text for you in another, then00:52:24
Lopatin’s reference book, and through it,00:52:26
this nonsense got into the vault of 21 years, no matter how it is, it’s00:52:29
very strange that this00:52:32
word is still there in the spelling00:52:34
commission, no one was alerted to the00:52:36
reasons for this, well, I can only00:52:39
speculate, in general, the question is rhetorical:00:52:43
why write words here if they are not00:52:45
understandable to us, they will be and even less00:52:47
understandable to our descendants, for whom00:52:50
this slot is also designed00:52:53
[music]00:52:59
its 21-year-old spelling is00:53:01
fundamentally nothing new,00:53:04
it’s just a collection of00:53:06
different innovations from the authors of dictionaries and00:53:08
reference books00:53:09
that have been made since 1956, when00:53:13
comparing the new code with the old, the00:53:16
differences are quite noticeable, but when comparing the00:53:19
new code with the spelling muse itself,00:53:21
our days are not there for the modern a00:53:24
literate person, the appearance of a new00:53:26
code is a new one, it’s absolutely nothing that’s00:53:29
not worth it, it’s personal attention that the media is00:53:30
riveted to it, forgive me for00:53:33
taking advantage of this hype and making my00:53:37
video on the topic00:53:38
in the new code; they most carefully approached the00:53:42
purification of some Soviet realities or00:53:44
communist ideological quirks and00:53:47
replacing them with something similar00:53:50
post-Soviet or religious, not everything is00:53:54
clearly outdated and the spellings from the old00:53:56
code were cleaned out, something was simply00:53:58
reprinted thoughtlessly in my opinion, and00:54:01
some old spellings that were already00:54:03
refuted by dictionaries were not00:54:05
refuted by the code, which is also It00:54:08
seems strange to me00:54:09
whether the spelling commission coped with the00:54:12
tasks that were loudly00:54:14
stated in the preamble, it seems to me that no,00:54:18
after all the work on the video, I00:54:21
got the impression from the new00:54:22
code that this is hack work, in my opinion, a thing of00:54:26
such importance and cost should be00:54:28
done better than this,00:54:30
it only gave society from such an00:54:33
epoch-making event as the first00:54:37
set of rules of Russian spelling and00:54:38
punctuation in 65 years,00:54:39
it seems that there is no, but then I truly00:54:43
tell you that in the future some00:54:47
of a graphic discrepancies will be revealed, some00:54:50
inaccuracies, ambiguous formulations00:54:53
which will then in the future lead00:54:55
to photographic discrepancies will00:54:57
undermine the rules of Russian00:54:59
spelling, I want to note that00:55:01
in no case will these be reforms, these00:55:03
will simply be small improvements,00:55:06
additions, so we trust our party,00:55:10
our guarantor of the constitution, the president, we00:55:14
respect the wisdom of his dignitaries,00:55:17
ministers, respected experts, and00:55:20
therefore we will wait for new decrees00:55:23
from the Ministry of Education00:55:25
and00:55:26
now I guess that’s all so00:55:29
goodbye bye00:55:33
[music]00:55:43
[music]Description:
Поддержи канал монетой! • Для зрителей из России — https://boosty.to/mikitkosynalexeev • Не из России — https://www.patreon.com/mikitkosynalexeev *Аннотация:* 9 ноября 2021 года Министерство просвещения России опубликовало новый свод правил русской орфографии. Проект будет доработан и утверждён в ближайшее время. Этот ролик — подробный разбор документа и сравнение нового свода с пока что ещё официально действующими правилами 1956 г. Что в своде принципиально нового, а что же, наоборот, всем давно уже знакомо? Грядущие события — новая реформа русской орфографии или всего лишь бюрократическая формальность? Какие есть насущные проблемы у современного русского правописания и как их пытаются решить орфографисты (если вообще пытаются)? Может ли новый документ выполнить те исторические задачи, которые ставятся его же авторами в преамбуле текста? Вот об этом и будет речь. Приглашаю к просмотру! *Содержание:* 00:00 Вступление 01:25 Предварительные замечания 03:40 Историческая справка 06:25 Общее впечатление 07:17 Преамбулы 12:05 Как оценивать нововведения? 15:11 Е / Э после согласных в заимствованиях 18:26 О / Ё после шипящих 21:20 Правила употребления букв Й и Ё 24:07 Написание суффиксов -ик-/-ек- 25:25 Склонение географических названий на -о 27:25 Окончания предложного падежа существительных на -ий, -ия 30:22 Слитное, раздельное, дефисное написания 36:10 Аналитическое прилагательное 39:06 Строчные и прописные буквы 49:01 Отдельные слова 52:54 Итоги *Список литературы:* • Правила русской орфографии. Проект от 09.11.2021 — https://disk.yandex.ru/showcaptcha?cc=1&mt=D26ECBD5B3EA8034CEC529CFBDBAEE6AE69E46A6772D93388354ED9AF7A51EF601B3380A073BF379CB903580569EF89860A5166D3F2EBA928EF9159B955D0A56806D9379B1612B549A5E2F7D1EF085491C56BFC64A56EB8E7A86034CF034638D4ADEE90E26F46183E9B9E596513AC32AD397DB32333E510D2D8D16B84359BF32AA7BEC77663FF40A45E8CA820E8CA56C8C88E6470DD0E741B81A5302E18B8EA7173826D6F03266F8F8C789D359F5ABE03BF51B57C747881760A9FCC99F50B2A6623B6A3CE4816D7D38C6F6713DAB008A3FA7C0685305895A7AAFE9D226&retpath=aHR0cHM6Ly9kaXNrLnlhbmRleC5ydS9pL3pFR29feWd2N1NVX2hnPw%2C%2C_e891186d6793fc003a16e02bed89a7fa&t=2/1712701471/92bdbc2c9498715060deb293e9270ce9&u=357ac7ba-289e9ac0-60eeed2b-c04003eb&s=3c245cd09ea8f65e76bd6176c19403d6 • Правила русской орфографии. Свод 1956 г. — https://disk.yandex.ru/showcaptcha?cc=1&mt=D94505FB04A95DF2E547156755B18CFAA1A327E242C07DDA2412180DFD94094C5781B89792447F2E10DE08433C4E40FD51789D2433CD2A5B3ED83AC8349F52E7D07411B9A3149A3EC8A2A9AFEABB68DC789BD4A7126BD850718ECA6031C7BDC569BE0BD3F2B9D843123562CC19D8E06E5F79690E90485B73E21AC58F5A8746EF8D775AA742A3FE6ECB881B878B257DACEBAA0593FBDDDDEACF01040B5760CAC35AF74CF444E546D0CFE3407C4E07F73804D3A691BD6D2761E3703F28FEEB19E6E23EB9B720E8ECF85410FEB8C97FA8458E2C08B9390DEC465B39CC33DB&retpath=aHR0cHM6Ly9kaXNrLnlhbmRleC5ydS9kL09EbmpIdHJYcUZaUjhRPw%2C%2C_a0e92a0ebedc70f7944a7377c95d4251&t=2/1712701471/b35872623f088238e30540d35b221c3d&u=b8013b30-6dd12c8f-d223aaae-20c5e77c&s=8d6743aa2a65a93ca689c9066cfd399d *Другие мои материалы:* • Грядёт реформа русского языка! (юмористическая реакция 2020 г. на новость о грядущей реформе) — https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=szzdMHGYVjU • Живу в ИвановО или в ИвановЕ? История несклоняемости топонимов среднего рода — https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tyo1t0w_3C0 • Плейлист «История русской орфографии: с принятия письменности до наших дней» — https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL_Ti2DFiE_m5J3EzgHbu_LLskue678s8w *Подпишись на другие наши ресурсы!* • Telegram основной — https://t.me/chtenye_tg • VK — https://vk.com/chtenye_vk • Instagram — https://www.facebook.com/unsupportedbrowser • Telegram c фото — https://t.me/mikitko_syn_alexeev • Сайт — https://mikitko.ru
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