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Эпичная история
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эпическая история
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наполеоновская
Бородинская
военная история
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1812 год
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Бородинское сражение
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00:00:00
[music]
00:00:01
[applause]
00:00:07
[music]
00:00:11
Russia 1812 Napoleon invades
00:00:16
his former ally with the largest
00:00:18
army
00:00:19
Europe has ever seen, but for the
00:00:23
French emperor the decisive blow
00:00:25
remains
00:00:26
dispiriting that the Russian
00:00:30
resistance is unlike anything
00:00:33
he has ever faced - faced something
00:00:36
and with winter approaching his army begins the
00:00:39
most inglorious retreat in history
00:00:42
[music]
00:00:52
September 1812 10 weeks have passed
00:00:57
since Napoleon invaded Russia with
00:00:59
more than half a million troops the
00:01:02
French emperor wanted a quick
00:01:04
victory over the Russians that would force
00:01:07
Emperor Alexander to make peace and
00:01:10
agree to the French conditions, but
00:01:14
at Vitebsk
00:01:15
and then at Smolensk, the
00:01:17
numerically inferior Russian army
00:01:19
barely escaped destruction; the
00:01:22
most important city of Smolensk was practically
00:01:25
destroyed;
00:01:27
Napoleon advanced deep into Russia and
00:01:29
after several months of march, his army
00:01:32
was exhausted, struck by disease and
00:01:35
fatigue by the end of the summer with him
00:01:38
only half of the forces with which he
00:01:41
invaded Russia remained, but in the end, 112
00:01:45
kilometers west of Moscow near the
00:01:47
village of Borodino,
00:01:49
the Russians decided to give battle; Napoleon
00:01:53
had a chance to win a decisive victory,
00:01:56
which in his opinion would end the
00:01:58
war, an
00:02:13
army commanded by a 67-year-old
00:02:17
one-eyed man General veteran Kutuzov
00:02:19
took a defensive position across the
00:02:22
two main roads
00:02:23
leading from Smolensk to Moscow, the first
00:02:28
army of General Barclay de Tolly
00:02:30
was on the right flank from the front and was
00:02:33
defended by the Koloch River
00:02:35
with steep banks, but shallow and
00:02:38
easy to ford, the second army of
00:02:41
Prince Bagration was located on the left,
00:02:43
more open flank but reinforced by a
00:02:46
large earthen rampart, a large redoubt and
00:02:49
what the French called flashes for their shape,
00:02:54
it was expected that another advanced redoubt in
00:02:57
Shevardino would delay the
00:03:00
enemy’s
00:03:02
advance; historians are still arguing about the size of the
00:03:05
Russian army, but it is likely that
00:03:08
Kutuzov had about one hundred and twenty one
00:03:10
thousand people and 680 guns near Borodino On
00:03:15
September 5,
00:03:19
Napoleon's army of about 130 thousand people
00:03:24
and 585 rubles began to arrive in the west.
00:03:29
Napoleon immediately realized that the Shevardin
00:03:31
redoubt must be captured before he
00:03:34
deployed his army and ordered an
00:03:36
immediate attack. The attack was led by the 5th
00:03:41
division of the first corps with the support of 5
00:03:45
Polish corps from the south,
00:03:50
over several hours of heavy fighting, the redoubt
00:03:54
changed hands more than once,
00:03:56
but late in the evening the Russians finally
00:03:59
retreated to their main positions and the
00:04:02
redoubt fell to the French; its capture
00:04:06
cost them approximately 4 thousand lives,
00:04:09
while the Russians lost about
00:04:12
six thousand people
00:04:14
Napoleon noticed how few prisoners were
00:04:17
captured, an
00:04:18
alarming sign of the
00:04:20
enemy's unshakable determination and steadfastness. The
00:04:26
entire next day, both sides
00:04:28
prepared for battle,
00:04:34
Marshal Davout, who commanded the French
00:04:37
first corps and was considered
00:04:40
Napoleon's most capable commander,
00:04:42
asked the emperor to
00:04:43
use his corps for a wide
00:04:46
attack from the flank to the south, but Napoleon
00:04:49
rejected this idea as too risky and
00:04:52
instead began preparing for a
00:04:54
large-scale frontal attack on Russian
00:04:57
fortifications
00:05:00
[music]
00:05:11
shortly after dawn on September 7,
00:05:14
Orthodox priests carried
00:05:17
one of
00:05:20
Russia's holiest icons, the Smolensk Icon of the Mother of God, before the Russian army;
00:05:24
this was a moving moment for many
00:05:27
devout Russians thousands of soldiers of
00:05:30
whom would not live to see twilight, the
00:05:35
battle began at 6 in the morning when the
00:05:38
French batteries opened a
00:05:39
deafening cannonade on the Russian
00:05:41
fortifications.
00:05:44
Eugene's 4th Corps attacked the village of Borodino,
00:05:48
poorly defended by the Russian
00:05:51
Imperial Guard,
00:05:53
having cleared the village, his infantry crossed the
00:05:56
kalach and moved to a large
00:05:58
redoubt
00:05:59
but was driven back ago, having suffered heavy
00:06:02
losses,
00:06:03
the Russians burned the bridge across the river
00:06:06
but did not counterattack, Eugene was able to
00:06:10
move the guns to the village to deliver a
00:06:13
flank attack on the large view
00:06:17
in the center, the first corps of Davout began an
00:06:21
offensive on the flash,
00:06:22
being exposed to heavy fire on the right
00:06:27
flank of the Polish 5th corps, which was
00:06:30
ordered to take birds and got stuck in forests
00:06:33
and ravines, their slow advance
00:06:35
allowed Tuchkov's third corps
00:06:38
to send a division north to strengthen the
00:06:41
defense of flash and
00:06:43
Kutuzov at his headquarters in Gorki took
00:06:46
little part in the battle, leaving
00:06:48
tactical decisions to his subordinates
00:06:52
Barclay and Bagration spent most of the summer
00:06:55
arguing furiously about strategy but in the hour of
00:06:59
need they put aside their differences, they saw
00:07:03
that the main French attack was falling
00:07:06
on the Russian center and left flank,
00:07:08
so Barclay ordered the second corps
00:07:11
from General Baggovut to go south
00:07:13
to help Bagration,
00:07:17
the fighting around the flushes began to intensify
00:07:20
as the French captured one of the earthen
00:07:23
ramparts but were quickly driven back by the Russians
00:07:26
Counterattack Davout himself was wounded in battle when he
00:07:29
fell from a wounded horse,
00:07:31
but he refused to leave the battlefield when the
00:07:36
Russian cavalry counterattacked.
00:07:38
Marshal Murat personally led the French
00:07:41
cavalry towards them. The
00:07:46
3rd Corps joined the attack on the flash drive, the
00:07:54
attack of the Russian cuirassiers of forced Murat
00:07:58
to take refuge in the bark
00:07:59
vordenberg skype move
00:08:04
you 're at with his magnificent clothes and
00:08:06
reckless courage even made
00:08:09
a name for himself among the Russians, in particular the Cossacks
00:08:13
saw a kindred spirit in him and
00:08:15
sought to capture him alive
00:08:20
in the south, the Polish infantry occupied the Qi path
00:08:24
however the Russians set it on fire before
00:08:27
retreating but the reinforcements of General
00:08:31
Baggovut arrived just in time To
00:08:33
support the Russian flag at about ten
00:08:37
o'clock in the morning,
00:08:38
Eugene launched another attack on a
00:08:40
large line.
00:08:41
He was briefly captured by Moran's first division
00:08:44
before his men were
00:08:46
driven back by ferocious Russian pirates. The
00:08:50
27-year-old artillery commander of the
00:08:52
Russian army, General Kutaisov,
00:08:55
was killed during one of these
00:08:58
counterattacks. heroic death
00:09:01
but a tangible blow to the morale of the soldiers of the
00:09:04
Russian artillery,
00:09:09
the battles around the earthen flushes became
00:09:12
more and more fierce,
00:09:15
some counted as many as six large
00:09:17
French attacks in which
00:09:20
45 thousand soldiers took part, with hundreds of cannons on
00:09:23
both sides pouring fire on dense
00:09:26
formations
00:09:27
more than once, the French infantry made its way on
00:09:31
one from the Russian positions on it was again
00:09:33
driven back by butt counterattacks,
00:09:40
Juno's Westphalian corps was sent
00:09:43
forward as support, helping to
00:09:45
clear the faces of the Russian riflemen in the south
00:09:49
in General Bagration was so close to the
00:09:52
fighting on the flash drives that she
00:09:55
personally led reinforcements forward and gave
00:09:58
orders for a counterattack
00:10:01
around 10 am a
00:10:03
bucket splinter shattered the general's leg,
00:10:06
mortally wounded, he was carried away from the battlefield,
00:10:12
shocked by the loss of their legendary
00:10:14
commander, the exhausted Russian infantry
00:10:17
began to retreat and the Frenchman was finally
00:10:20
taken by flash drives, then Marshal Murat Pavel
00:10:24
forward the free on division and the last
00:10:27
reserve of the first corps, supported by
00:10:29
heavy cavalry on both flanks The
00:10:32
Russian grenadiers formed corks
00:10:34
to repel the onslaught of the French
00:10:37
cuirassiers while their own
00:10:39
Guards cavalry fought
00:10:41
the French in a gigantic, chaotic
00:10:44
hand-to-hand fight with heavy casualties on
00:10:46
both sides. The Russians stubbornly
00:10:49
resisted but the combined find from the
00:10:52
French artillery of cavalry and
00:10:54
infantry proved insurmountable
00:10:58
as the Russians retreated infantry free she
00:11:02
made her way to the village of Semyonovskaya, the Russian
00:11:07
center fell into confusion and seemed
00:11:10
close to collapse, now the time had come for Napoleon
00:11:14
to strike a decisive blow
00:11:21
[music]
00:11:26
[music] for
00:11:30
most of the day, Napoleon remained at
00:11:32
his headquarters near Shevardino,
00:11:37
later those around him said that illness
00:11:40
was hard work during a long
00:11:42
campaign
00:11:43
made him tired and irritable
00:11:46
when the Russian center surrendered to the gates and his
00:11:48
headquarters
00:11:49
tried to convince Napoleon to send
00:11:51
forward his last reserve of the
00:11:53
imperial guard, the emperor
00:11:56
refused with the words if there is
00:11:59
another battle tomorrow, where will my
00:12:02
army be, but he made one exception,
00:12:05
Barclay continued to transfer troops
00:12:08
from his the unoccupied right flank to
00:12:10
support the center when the 4th corps of
00:12:15
Osterman Tolstoy approached the Russian
00:12:17
center, the French units feared that
00:12:19
he was preparing for an attack,
00:12:22
so Napoleon ordered the
00:12:25
guards artillery of General Sorbet to be pushed forward
00:12:32
; his batteries opened devastating fire on the enemy, but even after suffering numerous losses, the
00:12:35
Russian infantry retained its position
00:12:40
on the Russian right flank everything remained
00:12:43
calm, so General Platov, the
00:12:45
commander of the Don Cossacks, offered to
00:12:48
lead an attack on the weakly
00:12:49
defended village of Borodino,
00:12:52
having received permission, the generals of Platov and
00:12:55
Uvars led a detachment of eight thousand
00:12:58
Cossacks and cavalry across the Kalach River,
00:13:04
they attacked the French
00:13:06
Italian troops with complete
00:13:08
surprise for the latter. I
00:13:10
panic and confusion in their ranks, the third
00:13:13
cavalry corps of the pears had to
00:13:16
retreat back across the river to push the Russians back, the
00:13:21
Russian commanders regarded this attack
00:13:23
as a missed opportunity,
00:13:25
but it delayed the next French
00:13:28
attack by two hours and perhaps
00:13:31
convinced Napoleon that he was right to
00:13:33
hold back his reserves
00:13:48
for about three o'clock in the afternoon, the French began
00:13:51
their largest attack on the large
00:13:53
redoubt,
00:13:57
Russian artillerymen focused fire
00:14:01
on the advancing French infantry, which
00:14:03
allowed the French cavalry to bypass the
00:14:05
line from the flank and such a texture, the
00:14:11
Saxon cavalry burst in 1, killing the
00:14:14
Russian infantry and artillerymen
00:14:16
almost to the last man, this
00:14:21
was an amazing feat of horsemen
00:14:23
in spite of all the rules of war and
00:14:26
evidence of the cruelty of the battle, when the
00:14:31
infantry had not strengthened their positions on
00:14:33
the redoubt, he ordered all
00:14:36
available cavalry to be pushed forward to take advantage of
00:14:39
such success, but they also met and stopped the
00:14:42
last reserves of the Russian cavalry,
00:14:47
now he begged Napoleon to lead the
00:14:50
imperial guard,
00:14:52
but the emperor again refused, I will not
00:14:56
destroy he told his guards to his
00:14:59
headquarters I am four thousand kilometers
00:15:02
from France and will not risk my
00:15:05
last reserve by 5 o'clock in the evening both
00:15:09
armies were in a state of complete
00:15:11
exhaustion the battlefield was littered with dead
00:15:16
and wounded
00:15:17
some infantry battalions could
00:15:20
only muster a third of their original forces
00:15:23
cavalry moved no faster than a trot, the
00:15:26
gun crews collapsed from
00:15:29
powerlessness
00:15:30
as dusk approached on the battlefield,
00:15:33
the shots slowly died away,
00:15:38
Napoleon and the French army expected
00:15:41
the resumption of the battle the next day,
00:15:44
once in the light of the Kutuzov, having learned the full
00:15:48
terrifying scale of Russian losses, he gave
00:15:51
the order to retreat
00:15:54
[music]
00:15:56
losses with on both sides there were huge
00:16:00
Russian losses estimated at forty-
00:16:03
four thousand French losses of
00:16:06
about 30 thousand people including 49
00:16:10
generals 12 of them killed Borodin would
00:16:17
turn out to be the bloodiest day of the
00:16:19
Napoleonic wars
00:16:23
[music] the
00:16:25
Russian army could not give another
00:16:27
battle without serious reinforcements
00:16:32
then Kutuzov decided that he should surrender
00:16:35
Moscow on
00:16:38
September 15, a
00:16:39
week after the Battle of Borodino,
00:16:42
Napoleon enters Moscow, he will find it
00:16:49
almost deserted, empty, and the fire has already
00:16:52
begun to spread
00:16:56
[music]
00:16:58
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[music]

Description:

В 1812 году Наполеон вторгся в Россию с самой большой армией, которую когда-либо видела Европа. По мере продвижения вперед русская армия отступала, и к сентябрю армия Наполеона продвинулась на 750 километров в глубь России. В 112 километров к западу от Москвы, у деревни Бородино, русская армия под командованием нового командующего генерала Кутузова наконец заняла позицию. Последовавшее за этим сражение было самым кровавым днем Наполеоновских войн и оказалось одним из самых печально известных сражений в истории. Телеграм: https://t.me/epichistorytv Задонатить через бота: https://t.me/ehdonatebot Наши видео в ВК: https://vk.com/epichistorytv Дзен: https://dzen.ru/epichistorytv Поддержка в валюте: Boosty: https://boosty.to/epichistory Юmoney: https://yoomoney.ru/to/41001935501948 DonationAlerts: https://www.donationalerts.com/r/epichistoryru Тинькофф: https://www.tinkoff.ru/cf/68ulbWYu68U или 2200700144219879 Сбербанк: https://pay.mysbertips.ru/07746918 или 4276380029506883 Альфа-банк: 5559493715924438 В криптовалюте: BTC: bc1q9tky5hrqhsghk3nwenm7lel6ydrpkar5w8hwqr TON: EQB_JuL5FRt0eRAed0JGv84FrAMOY5jI1NLcvjFkOckaDhqn ETH: 0x8e1606b37dcCDFE355341F8346827F5A06D707C0 USDT (ERC20): 0x2f49d8774468cE9138e6d355cbd42654FfCBC8Cb USDT (TRC20): TU8Em1wefcsaHvJoBZnU7KLQhcMH5pGvVd Эпичная История познакомит вас с самыми драматичными и удивительными событиями в истории, от гигантских конфликтов, таких как Первая мировая война, до эпичной истории таких стран, как Россия. Я использую анимированные карты, изображения и тщательно изученные источники, собираю как можно больше фактов и все для того, чтобы вы могли погрузится в эти впечатляющие события из нашего прошлого. Станьте спонсором канала, и вы получите доступ к эксклюзивным бонусам. Подробнее: https://boosty.to/epichistory Для сотрудничества: [email protected]

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