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Video tags
Subtitles
Russian
00:00:00
[music]00:00:20
national labor epic of evacuation00:00:23
restoration of production00:00:25
capacity during the war years in scope and00:00:28
its significance for the fate of our homeland00:00:31
equal to the greatest battles of World War II00:00:34
wars Marshal of the Soviet Union Zhukov00:00:56
This00:01:08
the blow was sudden and stunning00:01:11
strongly00:01:15
not having time to fire a shot and ours were burning00:01:17
air attack tanks fell on our00:01:21
sleeping airfield of hundreds of combat aircraft00:01:24
died in the first days of the war00:01:26
were destroyed surrounded by our division00:01:30
[music]00:01:35
Franz Halder00:01:36
Chief of the Army General Staff00:01:38
Wehrmacht troops00:01:40
diary entries on the twelfth day of the war00:01:43
it would not be an exaggeration to say that00:01:46
campaign against Russia00:01:47
won within 14 days of course it is00:01:51
not finished yet00:01:59
such an assessment of events seemed quite00:02:03
plausible in fact how so00:02:07
after all, they were preparing for war, they were waiting for it, why00:02:10
we were taken by surprise00:02:18
what about the world war after00:02:21
the peace of Versailles will be inevitable00:02:23
all literate people must have foreseen00:02:25
everyone knew the Soviet Union was preparing for00:02:28
war is better than many the goal of directions is still00:02:32
late twenties00:02:34
the Soviet leadership thought00:02:35
promising future world war00:02:38
intelligence suggested that in any00:02:40
combination00:02:41
coalition against the USSR is such a [ __ ]00:02:43
acting say coalition england00:02:46
France this one and from Poland type00:02:49
Germany-France coalition various00:02:52
the options were read like this in any00:02:54
option it turned out that the power00:02:57
industry of our probable00:02:59
the enemy is significantly superior00:03:02
Soviet00:03:03
hit not ten percent not 2300:03:07
45 times00:03:08
[music]00:03:10
but that's not all, look at the map00:03:13
so by the early thirties it was located almost00:03:16
our entire military industry is completely00:03:19
close to the western borders00:03:21
all the tank factories were located here00:03:24
armored camps00:03:25
almost all enterprises producing00:03:28
high quality alloy steels00:03:30
it was obvious that if war happened, all this00:03:35
will be in a threatened zone00:03:40
constantly feeling a military threat from the west00:03:43
Soviet leadership from the early 30s00:03:46
years00:03:47
diligently repainted00:03:49
military-industrial geography of the USSR from00:03:52
Stalin's speeches February 4, 1 193100:03:57
year, do you want ours00:03:59
the socialist fatherland was defeated00:04:02
and for her to lose her independence00:04:05
we are behind advanced countries by00:04:08
fifty hundred years we must run00:04:11
this distance is ten years or we00:04:14
let's do it or we'll be crushed00:04:17
[music]00:04:20
at real rates in the east00:04:23
metallurgical and00:04:25
machine-building bases00:04:27
factories were launched one after another and00:04:29
reached production capacity00:04:32
Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works00:04:35
and in Tagil Kuznetsk Ural00:04:37
aluminum name is Chelyabinsk00:04:40
tractor uralmash00:04:41
Uralvagonzavod00:04:52
German newsreel news of the week be00:04:56
too in more00:04:57
industry leaders industrialists in00:04:59
gathered once again to report00:05:01
about the work done during the year00:05:02
[music]00:05:05
at the very beginning of 1933, Hitler became00:05:10
Chancellor of Germany within a few00:05:14
days he personally opened the Berlin00:05:17
the car show is so interesting00:05:20
the new chancellor was not a quirk or00:05:22
chance he was already planning to cook00:05:26
country at war and understood well what role00:05:29
in this war motors will play, but00:05:32
this sweet luxury but I was interested00:05:35
far less00:05:36
[music]00:05:40
Today we are united and true to our oath00:05:43
society that wanted to see the damage00:05:48
two kinds of soldiers soldiers and weapons and00:05:51
German soldiers were00:05:56
significant starting advantage00:05:58
great industrial potential00:06:01
high technological culture true00:06:05
they were preparing to fight not with us, but we00:06:08
were preparing to fight without sleep and arming themselves00:06:12
and they and we did not know in advance who exactly00:06:15
will be the enemy at that time in the beginning00:06:18
the thirties and they and we felt00:06:21
outcasts and this basically brought us closer00:06:27
[applause]00:06:29
no one expected Germany to be so fast00:06:32
will reach such a high military level00:06:36
equipping the army combat capability of the army00:06:40
It seems to me that not even all generals00:06:43
the Germans realized what they had become00:06:47
to possess an army that was essentially00:06:50
invincible for those00:06:51
estimates00:06:59
And00:07:04
just seven years ago on this00:07:08
the place was deserted and covered with brawlers00:07:13
Uralsk00:07:14
[music]00:07:20
Soviet Russia just committed00:07:22
industrialization did everything they could00:07:25
we did maybe a little more than we could00:07:28
made at a high price00:07:32
at a bloody price, but we did everything we could00:07:45
the boys and girls of free Russia built00:07:49
cities00:07:50
planes and tanks were created by the greedy00:07:53
tirelessly studied conquered the bowels of the earth00:07:57
planted gardens in deserts and have always been00:08:01
ready to defend our homeland00:08:06
[music]00:08:14
every Soviet plant had00:08:16
mobilization program military plan00:08:18
time00:08:19
let's remember that actually first00:08:22
tank production in the Urals00:08:24
it's not 41 years old, 40 when they take it00:08:28
decision to build a tank workshop00:08:30
at the Chelyabinsk plant00:08:31
factor of production of T-34 tanks began00:08:36
41 years ago the basti was already deployed00:08:38
Leningrad Tractor Plant00:08:40
actually from June '4100:08:42
imagine that the Germans will reach00:08:43
Stalingrad00:08:44
it was quite difficult large-scale00:08:47
production of artillery pieces00:08:49
the thirties exists at Uralmash on00:08:51
water is a very powerful production00:08:55
there is a process already called started00:09:00
construction of the Ural aluminum00:09:03
factory council of labor and defense of the ussr00:09:05
announced shock construction00:09:08
We were in a hurry just at this time in the world00:09:11
aluminum fever has started00:09:14
countries increased production purchased00:09:17
this strategic metal was accumulated00:09:19
reserve00:09:20
aluminum and its alloys are motors and00:09:23
aircraft powder aluminum then00:09:25
it was clear that the explosives were being reinforced00:09:29
preparation for war00:09:30
[music]00:09:32
I personally knew the first director00:09:35
Cyprus Design Institute Aluminum00:09:37
Golovinsky designed the enterprise for them00:09:41
ours he said that in 1940 his00:09:49
summoned to Moscow without explanation00:09:51
he is a bird I just arrived and settled down in00:09:54
there are so many doors in the room00:09:57
leather raglans are presented00:09:59
NKVD employee ID00:10:01
went downstairs00:10:02
these guys were sitting in the back whipping me00:10:06
7 squeezed, driven around Moscow, no questions00:10:10
they answer after all, it’s a relief when00:10:13
I saw that the Kremlin flashed00:10:15
walls00:10:16
the first question when they came in00:10:19
Stalin was about the Ural aluminum00:10:22
plant in Kamensk, here you are a specialist and he00:10:27
contacted them, tell them what should be done00:10:30
government to take action to00:10:32
deploy to full capacity faster00:10:35
because we have only just started00:10:38
start up the Ural at full power00:10:39
aluminum plant tired hanging on the wall00:10:43
europe maps00:10:44
he put his hand on the card without looking, he hit it00:10:47
palm on Germany and said that in00:10:51
in case of any adventure on the part of00:10:53
Western powers so he put it and00:10:57
move your hand towards the borders of the Soviet00:10:59
union00:11:00
Volkhovsky Dnieper too close00:11:02
is from the border they will be under00:11:06
threat of failure00:11:08
this one in the center of the country it will be ours00:11:12
main base and he turned out to be right00:11:20
[music]00:11:34
[music]00:11:36
A00:11:43
it's a lie00:11:44
for one company for several00:11:46
Poland was captured within weeks00:11:49
me after the campaign in Denmark and the capture00:11:51
Norway was crushed by the Netherlands00:11:53
Belgium and France in the southeast are shot down00:11:57
legs of Yugoslavia and Greece thereby00:12:00
Germany and its allies took possession00:12:03
the most important raw materials00:12:04
and industrial areas00:12:05
[applause]00:12:21
European Union Film Magazine00:12:25
French edition is about00:12:28
successful operation of defense plants in00:12:30
needs of the third reich00:12:32
and here is the church being painted while00:12:35
troops are fighting heavy battles at the front00:12:38
the army of factories and the rear tirelessly00:12:41
works to ensure that every day00:12:44
produce more00:12:45
[music]00:12:52
[music]00:12:55
great value cute bidding sight00:12:58
Krakow and the will of the then euronews is already on00:13:02
Polish00:13:03
Governor General thanks for the right00:13:05
understanding of pan-European challenges00:13:15
[applause]00:13:19
in Germany since the thirty-ninth00:13:22
all of continental Europe worked00:13:25
compete with the entire continent00:13:27
Europe is a young industrial country00:13:30
and the Soviet Union was young at 4100:13:33
industrial country, let's put it this way00:13:35
difficult, some thought double00:13:39
there are no taps, that's how Stalin believed that00:13:43
war is inevitable00:13:46
but she will be somewhere00:13:50
somewhere at the end of 42, not Ternopil00:13:55
or is it the world of the Mikoyans, I’ll tell you later00:13:58
Malatov asked, he repeated it00:14:02
the rearmament of the German army should00:14:05
was completed by 4300:14:07
that is, they had to go to that00:14:09
power that would allow them00:14:12
Then00:14:13
to rule what is called in Europe00:14:15
maybe in the world00:14:16
Hitler was pushed two years earlier00:14:19
is that many large German00:14:21
defense enterprises00:14:23
belonged to American shareholders00:14:26
there are factories that produced00:14:28
airplanes, cars, in particular, were beaten00:14:31
it was all property00:14:33
American American industry00:14:35
and they pushed Hitler to this war00:14:38
absolutely be prepared for world war00:14:41
no one was even ready00:14:44
Germany which actually unleashed00:14:46
and she wasn't ready00:14:48
if you pay attention to the structure and00:14:50
troops the Soviet Union prepared in that00:14:53
the extent to which this was possible00:14:55
prepared and prepared hard00:14:57
but they didn’t do everything and couldn’t00:15:00
do00:15:01
[music]00:15:08
[music]00:15:11
Berlin on the morning of June 22, 194100:15:19
[music]00:15:23
USSR state border00:15:30
[music]00:15:40
Aysel snow and major ministry00:15:43
public education and propaganda00:15:45
rex minister doctor doom reads out00:15:48
address of the Fuhrer of the present00:15:51
circumstances after several months00:15:54
the only thing the Fuhrer does is silence00:15:57
possible conclusion I decided to invest fate and00:16:00
the future of the German Reich is in our hands00:16:03
soldier00:16:06
Hitler to destroy the Soviet Union00:16:09
allotted 5 months blitzkrieg lightning fast00:16:13
war is the strategic core of the plan00:16:16
Barbarossa take over the border00:16:19
at high speed without turning off the engines00:16:23
rush through this military00:16:25
industrial belt all the way to its eastern00:16:28
borders after this Russia will fight00:16:31
there is nothing to take it with your bare hands00:16:34
last industrial area00:16:37
the rest of Russia may be00:16:39
paralyzed by air force00:16:41
[music]00:16:45
film report general government war00:16:51
in the east00:16:52
1 Europe united in a crusade00:16:55
vs soviet union marshal team00:16:59
under the command of Marshal Mannerheim00:17:01
Finnish soldiers walk shoulder to shoulder with00:17:04
German comrades striped00:17:07
the Romanian army of General Antonescu too00:17:11
entered into a fight with her nemesis00:17:13
enemy00:17:14
Hungary and Slovakia joined it00:17:20
line next to your allies00:17:23
The Croatian army is marching towards its brother00:17:26
the Italians, loyal to the military alliance, sent00:17:30
to the east your troops00:17:31
Scandinavia welcomes the moth00:17:34
liberation action from Holland and00:17:37
Belgium and there are thousands of volunteers00:17:46
June 22nd is Sunday and we are talking about00:17:50
Komsomol members00:17:51
in Kharkov, a nursery was built in a forest park00:17:54
railways have to get there 8 hours00:17:57
to leave but instead it was announced00:18:01
collection but in the factory stadium the general people of the workshop00:18:05
everyone stood up and people came out to the stadium for00:18:09
of our people it was the greatest00:18:11
the insult had already been concluded00:18:15
agreement they deigned to attack without00:18:18
warnings were given saying yes we are00:18:22
let's give them special performances 100:18:26
modulation call which called by00:18:30
subpoenas, so they said that you are dear00:18:33
my colleagues don't worry in a week00:18:37
we will meet victoriously at this stadium00:18:57
[music]00:19:04
A00:19:08
A00:19:13
there weren’t and couldn’t be ours here00:19:16
cameramen the disaster of the first days00:19:19
war we saw the nobility of the Qing chronicles and00:19:22
all this is true but not the whole truth00:19:26
German propaganda was silent about how00:19:30
the Soviets defended their borders so much00:19:32
border guards how hard the soldiers fought00:19:36
the red army holding back the onslaught of the enemy as00:19:39
troops fought desperately, breaking out of00:19:42
environment and the Wehrmacht's own losses00:19:45
the war became more and more noticeable00:19:48
in the east the Germans and the whole world had to00:19:51
just imagine like this00:20:03
[music]00:20:14
the march of refugees began day and night00:20:19
We walked through the town of Makeyevka00:20:22
the herd roared but did not want to drink00:20:26
you wanted to eat, the shepherds walked and the carts with00:20:30
people00:20:31
grind and every day my grandfather brought00:20:35
went home to some dirty men and fed them00:20:40
they were talking here, what a thing00:20:44
when was the first world war00:20:47
occupation of Ukraine00:20:48
the Germans also stood in Ukraine but they00:20:52
no one was touched and people believed that00:20:55
the current war is the same as taurine and00:20:59
that there's nothing wrong with it, but it will pass00:21:02
the Germans and the Germans will pass, but these people00:21:05
who walked through the city they told00:21:09
completely different things00:21:12
[music]00:21:31
[music]00:21:39
it was a disaster blitzkrieg german00:21:44
the troops started like clockwork, our army00:21:47
was destroyed on the first day00:21:50
despite fierce resistance00:21:53
troop material00:21:55
lost people lost weapons losses00:21:59
were colossal modern00:22:00
We have high-quality weapons00:22:03
the weapons are very good they are right there00:22:06
put our M-30 howitzer into service00:22:09
first using captured00:22:12
you had enough supplies of shells00:22:14
a lot captured that they organized00:22:17
own production of howitzers00:22:19
shells and howitzer is very ferocious00:22:22
very effective that is a lot00:22:24
our soldiers were killed by our own howitzers00:22:27
file for 600:22:33
from the diary of Franz Halder the twelfth00:22:36
day bytes00:22:38
when we cross the Western Dvina and00:22:40
Dnepr then we will talk not so much about00:22:42
defeat of enemy armed forces00:22:45
how much about taking from the enemy00:22:47
its industrial areas00:22:56
[music]00:22:59
waited00:23:00
[music]00:23:04
more00:23:06
[music]00:23:19
Stalin addressed the country on Radio 300:23:22
July 1941, his speech sounded confident00:23:28
he called for a people's war00:23:32
warned that the war would be very00:23:34
heavy but left no doubt00:23:37
that our cause is just, the enemy will be defeated00:23:41
victory will be ours00:23:43
[music]00:23:47
what was behind this confidence that he had00:23:51
because of steel and which I didn’t suspect00:23:54
Halder to one crushing blow00:23:57
defeating the main forces of our army00:24:00
German troops played flawlessly00:24:03
well thought out flow rate and final goal00:24:07
already seemed quite feasible if00:24:10
did not follow from our side00:24:13
unforeseen knight move00:24:19
already on the third day of the war the deputy00:24:22
Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars Vyacheslav00:24:24
Alexandrovich baby special car00:24:26
attached near the Sverdlovsk railway station00:24:29
met with local leaders00:24:31
the baby reported that at the Izhora plant00:24:34
in Leningrad they are already dismantling and loading00:24:37
it came out of an armored rolling mill00:24:39
it is to be put into operation in00:24:42
Nizhny Tagil00:24:43
no later than two months00:24:46
[music]00:24:54
this was the first sign of the beginning00:24:56
strategic operation00:24:58
which Marshal Zhukov equated to00:25:00
greatest battles of the Second World War and00:25:03
on the same day June 24, 1941 from to00:25:09
Party Council of People's Commissars adopted a resolution on00:25:12
creation of an evacuation council by the project00:25:15
the resolution established that00:25:17
The decision of the evacuation council is submitted to00:25:20
approval by the Council of People's Commissars Stalin with his own hand00:25:23
crossed out all this red tape and wrote00:25:25
are mandatory following this00:25:29
was created almost immediately without delay00:25:32
State Defense Committee headed by00:25:34
with Stalin actually state00:25:37
defense committee full power in00:25:39
took over the country00:25:41
the constitution is an effect, don’t you know?00:25:43
provided it was very useful00:25:46
the correct decision which is evident from her00:25:49
saved the country centuries-old state00:25:52
the defense committee was very small and00:25:54
it was created specifically to00:25:57
into this powerful bureaucratic machine00:25:59
created in the USSR before the war and00:26:01
push back this common rule of the country00:26:04
if this colossus continued to lead00:26:07
the economy in the years of attention, the war would be00:26:10
lost very quickly00:26:11
needed very sharp very reasonable and00:26:15
balanced and at the same time quick decisions00:26:18
we were attacked00:26:22
suddenly suddenly and here are the benefits00:26:29
planned system in just a few00:26:32
everything was done in weeks00:26:37
it was written down where everything went00:26:41
how should immediately00:26:44
taken out from stretch00:26:46
and it was done that's easy00:26:50
amazing in one archive I found00:26:54
excuse me, this is the sheet and everything00:26:59
evacuation here starting with tanks00:27:05
aircraft artillery systems and00:27:10
everywhere people people present how much00:27:14
people are required for evacuation and so on00:27:18
on and on and on and this just me00:27:22
delighted00:27:27
Leningrad immediately became a front-line city00:27:30
easily reached from Finnish airfields00:27:33
she you00:27:34
on the German side, the evacuation began with00:27:37
the very first days of the war00:27:38
the armored rental of the place was loaded after00:27:42
factories were loaded with it00:27:43
loaded up for the museum, the children were busy going to where00:27:46
they will be more mouse00:27:48
and skilled workers left00:27:50
engineer scientific institutions00:27:53
in a word, everything was sent that was unlikely00:27:55
useful in a besieged city00:28:04
immediate target of the army group00:28:07
the center was Moscow00:28:09
Guderian's tanks were already preparing to attack00:28:13
Bryansk and Moscow00:28:14
when suddenly Hitler turned all00:28:17
strike force almost in reverse00:28:20
direction southwest towards Kyiv00:28:24
army generals tried to object00:28:27
but their arguments remained unheeded by the Fuhrer00:28:31
demanded the seizure of industrial areas00:28:33
Ukraine Moscow as a strategic goal00:28:37
faded into the background in the foreground00:28:40
Kyiv00:28:44
Kyiv plant Bolshevik German00:28:47
aviation paid attention from the very beginning00:28:51
wars00:28:53
but very delicately they will call it carrion00:28:57
small fragmentation bombs00:28:59
people died, workshops stood to serve00:29:04
third reich00:29:10
an evacuation order was received at the plant00:29:12
already at the end of June half a month to the east00:29:16
several dozen were sent00:29:18
echelons on September 19, Kyiv fell into this00:29:25
time is called Bolshevik unloaded in the Urals00:29:29
their last echelons00:29:32
and didn’t catch until the last beam left00:29:37
there was nothing left of these enterprises00:29:40
I equipped everything and took away the workpieces00:29:44
they took away the finished parts from Vasily00:29:46
the tool of possessions around worked00:29:50
hammers and people means with hammers00:29:54
cut down the machines at the expense of the foundations00:29:58
were cut down and these machines were placed on00:30:02
platform smart and skim production00:30:05
they did the following00:30:08
that means they lit the stove and00:30:11
melted and then left with someone to00:30:15
she completely froze everything very much00:30:19
there were enterprises that worked before00:30:22
the last hour under the nose of the enemy00:30:26
especially in the Dnieper region on the right bank00:30:34
left bank00:30:35
very last hour many businesses00:30:39
received instructions immediately00:30:42
evacuate August 18 came out arranged not00:30:48
Pravsky aluminum plant was blown up and00:30:51
Prague Dam to prevent tanks00:30:54
broke through to the left bank00:30:55
direct fire Germans shoot from the right00:30:58
banks on the left and shipment to the Urals is underway00:31:03
not only valuable most price everything00:31:06
right down to the cables they unscrewed from00:31:08
trenches00:31:09
the workers themselves were transferred to00:31:12
barracks situation armed00:31:15
shipped the equipment and dismantled it00:31:18
they had a girl in their pockets with a summons00:31:22
not in the army but in the city's military registration and enlistment office00:31:24
Kamensk-Uralsky00:31:26
but Ural00:31:27
factory00:31:41
they were counting on captured00:31:44
territory to get everything that was00:31:47
military-industrial power of Russia and what00:31:50
there was absolutely nothing to be found there00:31:52
calculated00:31:53
they needed factories where axles were smelted00:31:56
armor steel was rolled, built00:31:59
tanks, planes and guns they knew for sure00:32:02
where all this was located in a matter of weeks00:32:04
back and none of this is there00:32:07
disappeared into the endless Russian00:32:10
open spaces just sweep news-pic00:32:17
from the diary of Franz Halder thirty00:32:20
the seventh day of the war before the front of the group00:32:24
armies south00:32:25
there is an evacuation of industrial00:32:27
enterprises experienced significant traffic jams00:32:30
on the railways00:32:32
[music]00:32:37
therefore the Germans saw and knew about00:32:39
movement of industrial equipment00:32:41
west to east until they saw and knew but not00:32:46
attached importance because they didn’t00:32:49
guessed the scale of what was happening and00:32:52
didn’t admit that all this would happen in the shortest possible time00:32:55
terms can earn money in new places and00:32:58
because never and nowhere in the world is there anything00:33:02
no such attempt has been made00:33:06
from Melitopol subdivision with s00:33:09
moving on to Mariupol00:33:14
there was no evacuation of our ferrous metallurgists00:33:18
we were not the only ones who were victorious00:33:25
6th00:33:26
but we have some very important and serious things00:33:32
lost00:33:36
the country's largest rolling mill from00:33:38
Mariupol was taken out in the very first days00:33:41
war, the plant continued to operate while remaining00:33:44
the final evacuation began at the scene00:33:47
only October 500:33:48
but the Germans unexpectedly broke through and 800:33:52
October captured the city and Mariupol00:33:55
almost the entire plant was taken over00:33:58
very few workers were taken to the enemy00:34:01
the engineer took out a little more00:34:04
and after a few months I studied it00:34:07
personally alfred groups on the subject00:34:10
use for German purposes00:34:24
edging it’s like the battle for Kharkov00:34:27
some footage of the battles that are still00:34:30
are carried out on the streets of this city I have cuir00:34:33
he was from Kharkov00:34:35
where my parents worked as personnel00:34:39
workers of the 183 tank plant00:34:41
183 names of the Comintern from my homeland00:34:45
Ukraine and we had 1 native language00:34:48
Ukrainian I remember everything like this forest all00:34:53
remembers the hand with was organized00:34:59
it was regulated and not chaotic00:35:02
which00:35:03
you could only take with you what you needed00:35:05
we're just for two00:35:08
there is a set of spoons and cauldrons, even an alarm clock00:35:12
not permission to take00:35:14
they didn’t make a single squeal or a single sand00:35:16
this is what you can build in a top service00:35:21
I read everyone, looked at everything carefully00:35:32
let's go for a whole month, we drove to Tagil on00:35:39
echelons with military equipment and00:35:43
to the side at a dead end and when only it00:35:49
a free locomotive had to be picked up in00:35:55
come what may, evacuees travel00:35:57
and push ambulance trains like00:36:00
you want it as you want and everything else is as it is00:36:03
it will turn out in one of the echelons00:36:05
the third according to the number was leaving documentation00:36:10
T-34 tank drawings and designers00:36:15
when there were no electronic media00:36:17
all the drawings were on battisti here is batiste00:36:21
was covered with wax with the importance of it00:36:25
salon00:36:26
systems that there documentation was T-3400:36:29
made every effort not to00:36:33
this train came under bombing00:36:35
we stood for a long time at different stations00:36:38
waited until they could carry me through my father00:36:42
was the head of the echelon00:36:43
he was 30 years old at the time00:36:46
imagine what it means to translate00:36:50
people translate technology become00:36:53
equipment two thousand kilometers away00:36:55
Yes, a military echelon was coming towards00:36:58
the task was to feed and drink everyone so00:37:01
and break through these military00:37:02
echelons but swear at bosses00:37:04
sanctions so on so in a month when00:37:06
we arrived, he handed over the equipped area00:37:09
Uralmash plant and he sat, you know00:37:12
that's what they managed to do, she did it00:37:15
there was evacuation throughout the country00:37:18
10 million people were evacuated and this00:37:21
The download is extra and very huge00:37:24
the load and pressure on these all is wider for00:37:27
health cuff is actually quantity00:37:29
there are many more evacuees00:37:32
official data 17 were transported00:37:35
million, however, the figure is called 2000:37:38
million how much the last name was Pashkov00:37:41
electric locomotive driver and sentry once00:37:45
stole00:37:46
to me after 40 hours without a break and00:37:51
questions replaced there was no one00:37:54
paid anise to a man returning from a trip00:37:56
where the rest took 15-20 hours and his00:38:00
they told no one to go and turned around00:38:03
moving on was the norm of course00:38:06
safety equipment protested00:38:08
it's all clear, the norm, the main thing was this00:38:12
war00:38:16
the roads started out very different00:38:19
infectious diseases from dirt from00:38:22
poor nutrition and when it happened00:38:25
there was crowding in the carriages and people were arriving00:38:28
It’s clear that all of them are sick at once00:38:30
processed where in the heat of the hair then we00:38:34
all clothes00:38:35
the main thing was that we were afraid, God forbid, and00:38:37
sawing health service road00:38:41
did not allow a single epidemic curious00:38:49
it was full of children and there it was00:38:52
stop but the devil knows he can00:38:55
stand for two or three hours00:38:57
children jump out and play00:39:00
and suddenly it sounds like your child may00:39:05
be in this00:39:06
year or maybe there somewhere00:39:11
people have adapted very simply to the flow00:39:14
the horn sounded, people grabbed these children00:39:17
and I beg them to either go to the carriages and then00:39:22
when the train stopped then they00:39:25
I took my children back00:39:45
and then I see a plane flying amazingly00:39:48
so low absolutely low goes and straight00:39:51
it seemed to me that they were like this00:39:54
our engine is continuously00:39:56
fighters00:39:57
and diesel engines have meters of00:40:00
some kind of intermittent sound from parasites00:40:03
flew by so oo-oo-oo-oo00:40:16
here is one woman and I still remember00:40:21
wearing a red scarf she was our plane00:40:24
I took off this scarf for the plane00:40:28
runs and waves like this00:40:30
he dropped on him crosses and when00:40:34
turn this she left lying food00:40:37
others were not allowed to bury no matter how00:40:43
strangely they weren’t allowed to bury me later00:40:48
other teams I'll bury myself said so00:40:51
pick up no tattoos and move on00:40:58
it's just a global mess00:41:00
confusion that is because00:41:01
a huge mass of people moved00:41:03
a huge amount of modern equipment00:41:05
It's probably hard to imagine how a person00:41:06
it was imagination consciousness00:41:08
I draw the following echelons standing somewhere00:41:10
some open data platforms where00:41:11
equipment is loaded in one city and00:41:13
the task is just to the east just to the east00:41:16
in order to save in order to00:41:18
be able to produce products00:41:19
and now imagine this enterprise00:41:22
everything is on the road, there’s even archival stuff00:41:25
So00:41:26
note that Shvetsov is our boss00:41:29
the designer is asked to help him find where00:41:32
plant that produces magnitude00:41:34
engine because there is none00:41:36
information and where it is located, that is00:41:38
some at 5 posts of this confusion00:41:40
could easily get lost and very often00:41:42
came to our railway junction00:41:45
compositions without documents at all and00:41:48
it was unclear where these people were evacuated from00:41:50
machines00:41:51
who and even it happened that there were no people00:41:55
except for the driver it was huge00:41:57
the number of so-called without00:42:01
documentary cargo and hastily loaded onto00:42:06
platforms00:42:08
they were taking us away but we're on our way00:42:10
so how many enterprises were taken out00:42:13
it was simply not possible and this00:42:17
a huge number without documentary00:42:19
loads of machine tools and equipment were placed along00:42:24
some enterprise like theirs00:42:27
there was a need for this equipment it is necessary00:42:29
it was quickly decided to clear the way and this00:42:31
was vitally important00:42:35
flows of refugees and thousands of trains with00:42:38
Indeed, not everything is equipped00:42:41
was subordinated to the organization's plan, however00:42:45
this chaos and confusion existed00:42:48
well thought out motion vectors00:42:51
when goods and people were sent strictly00:42:55
certain places were looked at here00:42:58
order and will00:43:00
planning and the state plan determined where00:43:04
on which sites how and where to place00:43:07
of people00:43:09
Nikolai Alekseevich Voznesensky00:43:11
Chairman of the State Planning Committee of the USSR during the war00:43:14
first deputy chairman00:43:16
Council of People's Commissars00:43:17
already my colleague is a doctor of economics00:43:20
sciences00:43:21
wonderful teacher in Leningrad00:43:24
was at the university00:43:26
if it weren't for this planned00:43:30
organized work through the council00:43:32
probably not everyone would have evacuated00:43:35
we turned out the way we turned out on00:43:38
actually00:43:41
we stood somewhere in the field of our composition00:43:46
was becoming00:43:47
and the military personnel became and these00:43:50
the warriors got hold of a calf somewhere and decided00:43:54
cut him down00:43:55
They apparently never cut anything00:43:59
and now they are suffering and cannot tie00:44:02
calf00:44:03
I came and said diet grandfather went00:44:06
looked and said that’s not how they are00:44:09
they say grandfather, what can you do, it’s on fire00:44:12
I can00:44:13
but then take it and do it, he took it00:44:17
slaughtered this calf they gave us00:44:20
spleen and a piece of meat from my grandmother00:44:23
says these are soldiers00:44:26
if they can't even slaughter a calf00:44:29
and they will fight or something00:44:32
but grandma was of course mistaken from these00:44:36
young guys got soldier Eric and they00:44:40
yet then fighting for real00:44:45
[music]00:44:48
A [music]00:44:52
hold back like a lightning war00:44:55
the red army destroyed step by step00:44:58
bar plan00:44:59
growth and gave the opportunity to be caught00:45:02
take the country by surprise to carry out operations00:45:05
which subsequently00:45:07
turned the tide of the war00:45:10
in general, the operation was conceived and00:45:12
made brilliantly but in detail00:45:16
of course there was a lot here00:45:18
colossal problems it was great00:45:21
feat of the people but it was a great tragedy of nothing00:45:24
there was no such thing and apparently no longer00:45:26
will be when thousands of factories were filmed00:45:30
their homes were transported for 100000:45:34
kilometers and in two or three months already00:45:37
gave products that are outstanding00:45:40
production operations that00:45:44
that anyone would envy00:45:47
head of any side escape from00:45:52
military danger is not yet military00:45:56
operation is not what Marshal Zhukov meant00:45:59
when he equated evacuation to the greatest00:46:03
battles00:46:05
an endless stream, sometimes with breaks00:46:09
less than a hundred meters under the cold and dangerous00:46:12
Swedish sky00:46:13
he went, people rode, taking with them whole00:46:17
With00:46:18
they weren't traveling for the best, they weren't traveling00:46:21
they were going to save themselves00:46:25
country and just like at the front what awaited them00:46:29
heavy beyond human00:46:31
job opportunities00:46:33
deprivation and suffering and maybe00:46:37
death00:46:49
[music]00:47:04
About00:47:10
[music]00:47:23
[music]00:47:35
So00:47:39
.00:47:46
what00:47:49
[music]00:47:59
[music]00:48:16
Well00:48:17
He00:48:19
people's labor and evacuation00:48:23
restoration of production00:48:25
capacity during the war years in scope and00:48:28
its significance for the fate of our kind00:48:31
equal to the greatest battles of World War II00:48:34
wars00:48:35
Marshal of the Soviet Union Zhukov00:48:38
[music]00:48:57
[music]00:48:58
there was a period when a significant part00:49:02
military industry00:49:04
was moving to the east and our00:49:07
the army suffered huge losses while fighting00:49:10
defense held on to rapidly decreasing00:49:13
reserves and unparalleled courage00:49:16
the relocated enterprises were no longer operating00:49:19
in old areas00:49:20
but have not yet been restored00:49:23
new places and couldn't help00:49:25
front and the front required planes and tanks00:49:29
rifles and machine guns00:49:31
it was the most terrible time the plant has yet00:49:36
gives tanks00:49:37
nowhere to live there is nothing and prospects00:49:41
It’s also unclear how it will all end00:49:44
Well, someone believed in victory, but you believe00:49:48
it was difficult00:49:50
[music]00:49:59
or double armor plate of Italy on00:50:02
Izhora plant in Leningrad and in the south00:50:05
Ukraine in Mariupol at the very beginning of the war00:50:08
a decision was made armored countries from00:50:11
Leningrad and Mariupol00:50:12
bring to Nizhny Tagil and Magnitogorsk on00:50:15
this time the country was left without00:50:18
armor plate00:50:19
and how to release tanks the situation seemed00:50:22
hopeless00:50:23
the chief mechanic had an idea00:50:25
why not try skating?00:50:27
Lemmings never made armor for us anywhere00:50:30
in the world it was, in general, probably not00:50:33
revolutionary decision as it is now00:50:36
I would say innovative director00:50:40
Magnitogorsk Metallurgical00:50:41
plant Grigory Ivanovich Nosa00:50:44
I understood perfectly well that the idea was incredible00:50:48
this is contrary to the entire world practice of bosses00:50:51
asked the boss a question damn ready00:50:53
cattle just categorically said that00:50:55
it's a crazy idea that it's impossible00:50:58
bloomin is a unit for fast and rough00:51:01
his work turns multi-ton castings00:51:05
in bloom and that is, in preparations for00:51:07
subsequent rental and most importantly blooming and00:51:10
not suitable for working with armor00:51:12
metals and armor special strength and00:51:16
the load on the equipment increases00:51:19
many times the unit can fly apart00:51:22
rattles no spare parts00:51:24
production costs tanks are not produced00:51:28
Minister Tevosyan after he00:51:31
the director of the plant reported00:51:33
Gregory your nose of reception is a wise decision00:51:38
Responsibility lies at your discretion00:51:41
I made calculations on you myself00:51:46
by your team00:51:47
so make a decision on the spot, I'll tell you00:51:49
I trust Gregory to make the decision00:51:52
Ivanovich made the decision to roll everything00:51:55
understood that this was a question for management00:51:58
life00:51:59
but nevertheless, I took one myself00:52:01
was not afraid to take responsibility and00:52:05
took this huge risk00:52:07
after all, this is also a temporary solution, but this00:52:10
organizational decision is a decision00:52:13
which he accepted00:52:14
received by the director who was great00:52:17
understood that if this did not pass, he too00:52:20
this blooming will overwhelm and disable00:52:24
then he just doesn't have anything to do with him in00:52:30
there was a gun in his coat pocket for that00:52:33
so that in case of failure in case of an accident00:52:35
shoot yourself because in this case00:52:39
there was a chance that the family would be repaired00:52:46
literally a month after the start of the war00:52:49
armor plate for the first time in world practice00:52:52
was rented on blue ming00:52:55
this made it possible to give metal to the front00:52:57
in incredible conditions we decided at any time00:53:00
time the most difficult problems what is it00:53:03
history and we should be proud and respect it00:53:05
someone can do it again, someone can do it00:53:08
better to follow the last echelon of00:53:15
Kyiv to the Urals plant director Bolshevik00:53:17
Valerian Petrovich Kurganov and himself00:53:21
set off on the road he was00:53:24
urgently called to Moscow00:53:26
Stalin accepted him and now Stalin is for him00:53:29
said this phrase00:53:31
valerian how would the urals not accept you00:53:37
should release00:53:40
equipment for the second stage00:53:43
Ural aluminum smelter00:53:46
Well, as Valerian Petrovich says, I as00:53:50
warrior I was sure that I would do it from00:53:56
memories of Valerian Kurganov00:53:58
Petrovich00:53:59
Sverdlovsk was a pleasant surprise for00:54:01
it turned out that we are not here yet00:54:04
there were external signs of military00:54:06
time to the extent that it is for us00:54:09
had to watch them before coming here00:54:11
much skin was the case on one of00:54:14
outskirts of the city 15 kilometers from it00:54:16
center00:54:17
where the Uralkhimmash plant should be00:54:21
the man arrived and he searched for three hours00:54:24
the place where his name is factory then no 100:54:29
gauge railway dead-end track00:54:31
from the side of the station the ring is neglected00:54:34
empty car garage building00:54:37
unfinished building main00:54:39
step-down substations for five thousand00:54:41
kilowatt and 2 empty baroque00:54:43
that's all that's in the official documents00:54:46
it sounded so impressive00:54:47
Uralkhimmash he had this happen twice00:54:53
the state that he wanted to leave and life as00:54:58
now to be00:54:59
what to do where to put the equipment and00:55:02
property where to house people what to put them in00:55:06
take00:55:09
they settled with people and with their00:55:13
equipment in an open clearing on00:55:15
outskirts and Sverdlovsk first wish00:55:18
was to ensure the expanding Ural00:55:22
aluminum plant special00:55:25
equipment must be carried welding assembly00:55:28
equipment00:55:29
production building in no way00:55:32
case in the open air looking for burial mounds00:55:35
There are some vacant buildings all over the area00:55:38
free buildings everywhere around the clock00:55:40
production worked when the mounds00:55:43
arrived at the Ural aluminum plant00:55:46
I looked at this body00:55:49
mechanical repair shop and came to00:55:53
delight00:55:54
here electricity temperature is above zero00:55:57
here overhead cranes compressed air everything00:56:01
there is a way out of the situation this way00:56:04
all preparation and machining of workpieces00:56:08
was produced on special equipment00:56:10
straight to open meadows among pine trees00:56:13
they even had pump switches00:56:16
made preparations and transported them here and here to00:56:20
greenhouse conditions, one might say00:56:22
completed00:56:26
procurement workshops worked under00:56:28
open sky and at the same time00:56:31
walls and roofs were erected00:56:33
because the Ural winter was ahead00:56:38
[music]00:56:43
people who came here from Ukraine with00:56:46
Western regions they had very00:56:48
difficult morale00:56:51
people were driving but already offended, offended00:56:57
war, well, not just offended but00:56:59
injured driver talked about00:57:03
how come they didn't take it away in the cast game yep00:57:07
stopped at the station they will check this00:57:10
the station is not far from us, this is Rus'00:57:12
a woman came out and asked for00:57:15
dry washed then dry and00:57:17
cooks accidentally her coat opened00:57:20
I was also in August, revenge and there’s more00:57:22
no, she says that she still does00:57:26
can't be indifferent00:57:28
can't be found, people are running wild00:57:31
just saving here so that later00:57:34
ran away, imagine I came00:57:39
train with evacuees what to do with them00:57:44
all apartments are occupied all rooms in00:57:48
communal apartments had to be occupied00:57:51
to lose, that is, here the family lives, let’s say00:57:54
of three people or 4 in room 1800:57:59
meters started another seven evacuees00:58:02
also a chest of drawers00:58:03
and there have been cases when people spent weeks00:58:06
lived in a hallway somewhere00:58:08
communal apartment because it wasn’t opened for them00:58:10
the door laid by him povar.ru00:58:14
but then the issue was resolved very simply if00:58:17
does not allow the owner to move in00:58:19
thrown out onto the street without any00:58:21
talking area it was a factory00:58:23
our area reached the point that00:58:26
Nizhny Tagil was evicted from Yekaterinburg00:58:30
those people who didn't work00:58:33
and could not work or who called00:58:36
some doubts about their possibility00:58:39
work to accommodate those00:58:42
which will be fully productive00:58:44
work for the needs of the front began to build00:58:49
dugout00:58:50
the so-called settlement 8 on terms of00:58:55
boards00:58:56
they built a lot of them quickly00:58:59
there was a small light bulb at the top which00:59:03
the lights were almost never on and turned off00:59:05
that's just the darkest time and and00:59:07
turned on and then turned off the kerosene00:59:11
lamps please no candles dugout on00:59:13
requires simply but at a minimum, that is, logs00:59:15
there to make the top flooring00:59:17
dig some more ground00:59:18
barraquito then they came first just00:59:20
dugout where people lived all the basements00:59:22
all the attics are filled and already filled00:59:26
they even lived in vegetable pits00:59:28
and were forced to urgently build barracks00:59:32
they were made of wooden arches00:59:35
These greenhouses are huge and they are covered00:59:40
were00:59:42
roofing felt inside a three-tiered hole00:59:47
they had 450 people, that's what they called00:59:52
youth hostel00:59:54
after the shift he says bye you get there00:59:56
there are three of this barracks on one kilometer of the way01:00:00
once you sit down to rest, you don’t have enough strength01:00:03
many stayed overnight at the plant01:00:08
We were looking for something near the workplace01:00:10
carry a warm corner if something happens01:00:13
accident at hand people eat at the same time01:00:16
I don’t hit the booth and don’t waste my strength01:00:20
in general it's convenient01:00:23
[music]01:00:31
early October 1941 respite01:00:36
German troops came to an end01:00:38
Operation Typhoon new begins01:00:42
decisive attack on Moscow01:00:45
[music]01:00:59
Moscow was preparing for salt, the city was building01:01:03
defensive fortifications01:01:05
built barricades bristled01:01:08
anti-tank hedgehogs01:01:11
enemy air raids became more and more01:01:15
annoying01:01:16
the turn to leave the place has come to01:01:19
Moscow enterprises01:01:21
[music]01:01:23
our factory where my father worked01:01:27
The Kalinin plant was closed with nets01:01:30
as my father told me far from01:01:33
the city was built in camouflage called01:01:36
which the Germans bombed at night at the same time01:01:39
time of night there were saboteurs who01:01:41
signals with light bulbs and thought flashlights01:01:44
shone where to find is the real one01:01:46
sound from government decree01:01:50
Defense Committee dated October 13, 194101:01:55
accept the proposal of the People's Commissar of Armaments about01:01:58
evacuation equipment plant personnel01:02:00
number eight from the city of Kaliningrad01:02:03
Moscow region01:02:04
employed in the production of 85 mm01:02:07
anti-aircraft guns in the city of Sverdlovsk but01:02:10
Uralmashplant01:02:11
People's Commissar of the tank promo he Uralmash plant01:02:14
conditions were created for a sharp01:02:16
increasing artillery production back in01:02:19
pre-war time was sent out from under01:02:21
lepad from the Moscow region 51 he started the same01:02:24
Sura knows we brought it here and that’s it01:02:27
your equipment01:02:28
saw all the blanks, all the details01:02:31
tool everything and people come here and immediately01:02:35
started installing01:02:37
equipped there were no walls until women were here01:02:42
state secrets decree01:02:43
defense, take the signature and go to the Aziki01:02:47
build a wooden frame01:02:49
mechanical workshop with an area of 600001:02:52
square meters term December 42 years01:02:56
a decree was issued in August in August01:03:00
came out in December how long will it take to build01:03:04
russian guy to put together sara here01:03:08
built a whale of a barn to begin with01:03:10
overwintered and moved on01:03:13
work01:03:15
they did it, they did it quickly, I remember the second one01:03:18
large mechanical workshop the roof was01:03:21
the walls were made only laid on with tanks01:03:24
were made by weight and that is, the tanks were already01:03:27
gave away the products, I'm looking at these01:03:30
order from the position of the present day, I01:03:34
I don’t find any absolute flaws here01:03:37
everything was done right anyway01:03:40
the fact that the plant named after Kalinin turned out to be01:03:43
exactly Sverdlovsk exactly at Uralmash01:03:45
This is not Stalin's willful decision, this is01:03:47
proposal of the Germans themselves who01:03:50
back in August they sent people here01:03:54
sent specialists to other factories01:03:56
but Uralmash is to them most of all01:03:59
liked it01:04:00
[music]01:04:04
but each tank needs half a ton of silumin01:04:09
silumin is an aluminum alloy with silicon01:04:14
state reserve stock01:04:15
There are three and a half silicon left01:04:19
it took months to restore01:04:23
production in the Ural language is applicable01:04:26
silicon production plant and01:04:27
silumin production no silicon no01:04:30
there will be silumin there will be no silumin01:04:32
there will be tank aircraft engines01:04:34
from the state decree01:04:37
Defense Committee dated July 9, 194101:04:41
allow the people's commissar to carry out color metametry01:04:45
construction of the Ural aluminum01:04:47
plant and Krasnogorsk thermal power plant without projects01:04:50
and quick estimates without drawings01:04:53
people worked on projects from memory01:04:58
without any technology01:05:02
[music]01:05:11
the situation near Moscow was becoming01:05:14
critical01:05:15
[music]01:05:16
the country was gathering its last strength01:05:19
reserve01:05:20
civil society rose up to defend the city01:05:23
population01:05:24
everyone who could hold a rifle in their hands01:05:28
when they threw everything into battle01:05:31
untrained militias by decision01:05:34
State Defense Committee 2201:05:38
sapper battalion01:05:39
was not posted on the forum01:05:43
and to the aid of the Ural aluminum01:05:46
Kamensk factories01:05:50
Ural turbo engine plant01:05:52
was conceived as a turbine and just before01:05:56
during the war the first steam engine was tested here01:05:58
turbine and that's it for the German troops01:06:03
moved quickly and it was decided01:06:06
evacuate diesel engine01:06:08
produced by Leningrad Kirov01:06:10
plant on the territory of the Urals01:06:13
turbine plant acted accurately01:06:16
thought out in an unprecedented shadow and the first01:06:19
the diesel engine was assembled at the new location already in01:06:22
August and it was not eyewitnesses who told01:06:25
they installed it on the platform and turned it on01:06:27
he roars in the open air such a roar01:06:31
rose that the purpose of the cars in the city was01:06:34
I heard a roar and panic arose01:06:37
this is the end of 41 years that the Germans have been bombing01:06:41
they came to bomb and had to calm down01:06:44
it's not the Germans, it's our engine that's making its voice01:06:48
God bless01:06:55
plan for a screaming deadline01:06:58
screaming deadline to organize it all01:07:01
means to translate it in the shortest possible time01:07:03
implement01:07:04
from today's point of view01:07:06
manager this is actually a feat01:07:09
feat this work which still doesn't matter01:07:11
completely underestimated we are not yet fully01:07:14
we understand how much effort it took, what it is01:07:16
was01:07:21
the front was rapidly approaching01:07:23
the military registration and enlistment offices there took people from everywhere01:07:26
they could easily take the people of the salons and01:07:28
no armor here helped01:07:30
people were taken away by the funeral and came through01:07:33
two weeks here are all the representatives of the people01:07:35
just dumped in the fire, it’s already slaughter01:07:37
went untrained when the war started01:07:40
they apparently didn’t realize what they weren’t doing01:07:43
they thought they needed to dial faster01:07:47
throw people to the front and everything is fine01:07:51
they took mobilized01:07:54
a whole train of workers and sent them to01:08:00
front, well, when he found out with his nose, he caught up01:08:06
this composition is on how near the map low and01:08:10
returned it back because that's what they do01:08:13
and it’s impossible for the masses of people who came01:08:16
had new knowledge01:08:20
knowledge in production and technology01:08:24
from where it will be evacuated there from Ukraine01:08:26
Ukraine is really like this01:08:29
metallurgists were quite strong at01:08:31
Ukraine, that is, they arrived01:08:33
additional knowledge01:08:35
people could share could tell01:08:38
we had our skills here, that means01:08:41
people with different skills arrived01:08:44
today everyone works on instruments there01:08:47
easy to see see there at any01:08:50
parameter there temperature then what01:08:52
appliances dust01:08:53
then people are sparkled by the color of the stream01:08:57
could with an accuracy of up to a few01:09:00
degrees temperature determine this about01:09:02
what did he say, what qualifications did the people have?01:09:06
home dray worked as a blacksmith so that she01:09:09
this is the right month to study and pay attention01:09:12
attention to one fact that they were taken out of01:09:15
Leningrad is primarily a man01:09:17
although this is a front-line city whenever01:09:20
by all logic these men should01:09:23
conscript into the army before sending to01:09:25
front line with bayonet01:09:26
in fact they were taken out first01:09:28
experienced workers queue by plane01:09:31
even whales arrived and appeared01:09:33
problems with the local military registration and enlistment office01:09:36
for example very qualified01:09:38
We've been looking for a fitter for a long time01:09:41
give him a summons for conscription01:09:44
the shop manager and kept it in the closet all01:09:46
it's time in your office what01:09:49
All that was left to do was take him into the army and not01:09:52
if only there were engines, that's all, and there would be no tanks01:09:55
moved away01:10:02
[music]01:10:07
front-line soldiers fought to the death near Moscow01:10:09
then on other fronts01:10:11
and here in the literal sense of the word01:10:15
people died at work and01:10:19
this concerned not only our workers01:10:23
first director of the Bogdanchikov plant01:10:26
Viktor Petrovich died at the age of 35, he is older01:10:32
haven't slept for two months haven't slept at all01:10:36
arrives evacuated and dismantled01:10:39
rush equipped to repair01:10:41
it must be delivered to the site of the future01:10:44
workshops need to order a project and need01:10:48
we all need to release budgets for these projects01:10:51
is to sign finance01:10:52
people need to be fed people need to be fed01:10:55
it’s not possible to settle the heart rings somewhere01:10:57
withstood01:10:58
died at 35 and every planning meeting 41 42 4301:11:05
years, we began listing the dead01:11:08
of the year We were building a new blast furnace here01:11:11
we dismantled the old one01:11:13
we dismantled the stove of those times01:11:15
found bones01:11:17
this photo of the chief accountant01:11:19
Uralkhimmash plant01:11:21
Solovyov Dmitry Gavrilovich made in01:11:26
194101:11:27
and this is him in forty-two01:11:32
what to add here01:11:33
[music]01:11:48
here we have a menu for 43 years too01:11:52
more or less a year like this is not the hungriest01:11:55
here is the recipe for cabbage soup01:11:58
50 grams cabbage 5 grams salt 5 grams01:12:02
vegetable oil half a liter of water that's all01:12:07
apparently American sausage 40 grams01:12:11
everyone's lunch is still 12 hours early01:12:16
it was worse, that is, chopped barley in water01:12:19
added a spoonful of drying oil01:12:21
those second course at night have no calories01:12:24
there was enough for everyone, there weren't enough vitamins from here01:12:28
scurvy01:12:29
hence the swollen legs, that is, dystrophy01:12:35
which amazed almost everyone01:12:38
food ceiling was a plate01:12:41
licking in the germans both right and left01:12:43
the side was licked01:12:44
there is because everyone wanted them and before01:12:48
I still have it that I01:12:51
somehow I eat the mugs and then this is how it is01:12:59
I can't get over this family01:13:03
happy and all the families were happy and01:13:06
who are evacuated who are all01:13:07
lost near the dugouts they always sang01:13:12
when the weather was good they drank and sat01:13:15
less mom said at least eat nothing01:13:18
it's fun to live like this01:13:21
Ukrainian and Russian folk songs01:13:23
other dances the people were more persistent01:13:28
not because he was better from but because01:13:30
that he would have been steadfast then he would have been in the mood01:13:34
people sashan pipes I'm having fun now01:13:37
I look at old films like there01:13:40
Volga-Volga wears stockings there01:13:42
mass physical education parade when people01:13:44
they sing good songs that are still01:13:48
since then we've had a great time living with you better then01:13:54
my sister understands that Stalin times01:14:00
then it was just for me but that's why today I01:14:05
I feel like I'm lost, this01:14:07
this is the energy you have, this enthusiasm to rub01:14:09
those times01:14:15
these three arrows are the famous plan01:14:18
Barbarossa it just so happens that every01:14:22
the arrow turned out to be aimed at one of the01:14:25
centers in the tank industry then01:14:27
there is Leningrad01:14:28
these are heavy tanks and light tanks01:14:31
otherwise Moscow light tanks and01:14:37
Kharkov medium tanks T-34 and all these01:14:42
factories were put out of commission just for the sake of01:14:45
so September everything is from the decree01:14:49
State Defense Committee from 901:14:51
November 1941 on restoration01:14:55
tank factories evacuated from01:14:57
Kharkov Moscow and Leningrad oblige01:15:00
People's Commissar of the tankodrome to Comrade Malyshev01:15:03
restore tank factories on the Volga and01:15:06
in the Urals in the following terms Kirov plant01:15:09
in Chelyabinsk01:15:10
November Izhora plant at Uralmash November01:15:13
plant number 183 at Uralvagonzavod01:15:17
November plant number one hundred seventy four01:15:20
glasses catch november01:15:22
please note the resolution01:15:25
signed by Stalin on November 9 and in the same01:15:29
month the factories were supposed to produce01:15:31
Uralmash had to take over the tanks01:15:34
first of all, the load of at least Izhora01:15:38
plant which provided Kirov01:15:41
factory in Leningrad armor corps01:15:44
he instructed the tanks to make curtains01:15:48
the deadlines are very strict and Uralmash does not01:15:52
prepared before the war01:15:54
production of armored hulls01:15:57
Sverdlovsk Uralmashplant to the director01:16:00
muzrukova01:16:01
To the chief engineer Ryzhkov, I ask you01:16:04
Fulfill orders honestly and on time01:16:07
supply of tank hulls to01:16:09
Chelyabinsk at the tractor plant01:16:11
now I ask and hope to fulfill01:16:15
and duty to the homeland01:16:16
in a few days if you find yourself01:16:19
violators of duty to the homeland01:16:21
I'll start trashing you like criminals01:16:24
neglecting honor and interests01:16:27
our homeland cannot tolerate our01:16:30
troops suffered at the front from lack of01:16:33
tanks and you were chilling in a distant body01:16:36
and idle Stalin's decree01:16:40
State Defense Committee01:16:42
but they couldn’t produce brain cases01:16:45
would never do it if it weren't for this01:16:47
certain technology breakthroughs here01:16:51
no amount of crowbar work would help01:16:53
10 is a triumph of engineering thought01:16:55
in general about cast tank turrets01:16:58
the conversation went on and pushed before the war01:17:00
factories but beyond certain experiments01:17:03
the matter is niche, but at Uralmash they took aim at01:17:05
mass production and world first01:17:08
this idea was realized it was September in01:17:11
October forty-one01:17:12
they cast it and it turned out to be no worse than01:17:15
maybe even better01:17:17
welded and when they came to the plant01:17:19
broken tanks from the German front01:17:21
specialists were supposed to study these01:17:24
the foundry workers' machines didn't work, so what?01:17:27
there was absolutely nothing to see there01:17:29
Germany fell behind in this regard later01:17:32
we've already started to dare so much01:17:34
they must be stamped01:17:36
in a press with a force of 10 thousand tons, that is01:17:39
not in America not in Germany no one even01:17:42
I didn’t even think about lunch on this topic, but here we are01:17:45
tank production learned01:17:48
Kirov plant was relocated01:17:51
from Leningrad to Chelyabinsk tractor01:17:53
the plant began to be called the Kirov plant in01:17:56
Chelyabinsk and among the people there is a tankograd01:18:00
Kirov and the plant developed a tank for one01:18:03
where to organize its production and01:18:07
decided01:18:08
names organize it in Chelyabinsk01:18:10
at the tractor plant we will have a conveyor01:18:14
organize production for the tank01:18:16
Well, we’re starting to build a new building01:18:19
the second tank and there should have been01:18:22
build this conveyor but conveyor belt01:18:25
production was disrupted because01:18:28
there are no components, we had to01:18:30
Western enterprises that01:18:33
they were evacuating, but then they just arrived01:18:36
Leningraders and therefore it was accepted01:18:38
decision to switch to Leningrad01:18:41
bench method, that is, the body is placed01:18:44
tank and01:18:45
it means it begins to gradually fill it01:18:48
that there is everything to silence01:18:52
Zaltsman Isaac Moiseevich Director01:18:55
Kirov plant in Chelyabinsk and01:18:57
simultaneously deputy people's commissar01:18:59
tank industry01:19:01
before that he headed the Kirovsky for three years01:19:04
factory in Leningrad when the Germans were already01:19:08
were approaching Moscow, Stalin asked01:19:11
Zaltsman01:19:13
or gave Salzman an order for more tanks01:19:17
release another column of tanks to the and need01:19:22
was to do it01:19:23
done everything applied everything done no01:19:26
starters supplier delayed starters01:19:29
salzman it was inherent in him to decide01:19:33
question he calls that name01:19:35
near Moscow who made the starter and those01:19:37
they say yes, you know, here he is01:19:40
he says this is the decision he makes too01:19:42
decision we load the tanks on he came out and01:19:45
let's go that factory sent our starter01:19:48
the tanks left here they met01:19:51
overloaded and right on the platforms01:19:54
inserted into the tank and starters01:20:02
in the workshops of the Uralvagonzavod of Nizhny Tagil01:20:05
Kharkov plant number one hundred settled01:20:08
eighty-three names of the Comintern01:20:10
where tanks were already being produced on the eve of the war01:20:13
T-3401:20:14
this is how the Ural tank plant appeared with01:20:17
the same task number was as possible01:20:19
start production of tanks as quickly as possible01:20:23
where they lived they didn’t know how to do it there01:20:26
and they arrived very qualified01:20:29
public with a set of certain01:20:32
configurations that made it possible01:20:34
collect tanks immediately01:20:36
there made at the factory and then01:20:40
started producing, take the machines01:20:42
Max Orek Yuri Evgenievich Director01:20:45
Ural tank plant number 18301:20:49
this is how Uralvagonzavod was renamed until01:20:52
this was headed by plant number 18301:20:55
Kharkov at plant 183 in Kharkov01:20:58
three-four production conveyors01:21:00
there were no three four collected at stands01:21:03
the conveyors were preparing for it yet01:21:06
create I'm moving to a new place decided01:21:09
that we will borrow anyway and01:21:10
let's set up the conveyor right away01:21:13
We will be providing tanks for a while01:21:15
not enough, but then we’ll make up for everything later01:21:18
are taken from the faces of one maxar01:21:20
People's Commissar of the best it is supported here01:21:22
are considered to be the month of November mounted01:21:25
conveyors but not enough tanks01:21:28
tanks are assembled manually at utility sites01:21:31
squares and the front needs tanks immediately01:21:34
at max roar they begin to put pressure on him01:21:38
exit to throw films onto the conveyor and if01:21:40
collect at stands then instantly01:21:43
the number of tanks will increase sharply but01:21:45
there is no prospect of increase or endure01:21:49
and continue to install the conveyor in01:21:51
in the end it happened again and they are filming to come01:21:54
salzman salzman see that conveyor01:21:57
shine start-up also did not implement01:21:59
bench assembly began to bring the conveyor01:22:01
until saltzman covered mozzarella just y01:22:04
salzman nest max reef rights what is it01:22:06
the only thing possible under the given conditions01:22:08
decisions all other times01:22:11
the solution they are worse he was looking for max01:22:15
the nut finally got to the wall01:22:17
put the time was like this01:22:20
What do you want01:22:23
the month of December the Germans are still near Moscow01:22:26
Stalin calls his husband01:22:28
but Uralmash my comrade sounds you promised01:22:32
tanks where are the tanks map me tanks welded01:22:36
already ready, well, I don’t have Slavic strength01:22:38
give or say they called Uralmash UAZ or something like that01:22:44
Uralvagonzavod surname specifically here it is01:22:48
doesn't give Slavsky doesn't give comrades01:22:51
Slavsky why are you a comrade from the sleeve01:22:54
does not ship and forces and so I already01:22:56
some kind of load on top01:22:59
like the northern flank of the Germans near Moscow you01:23:03
I'll all come in and I can start explaining01:23:06
that we have such technology that makes me01:23:08
inhibits the supply of electricity01:23:11
that Faraday's law exists01:23:14
he was militaristic and fell to the Soviets01:23:18
laws and live or according to Faraday's law01:23:21
I consider your position as you wish01:23:25
tantamount to treason, hangs up01:23:28
you spent the night of metal coming01:23:31
in the morning Slavic metal mirror01:23:34
two centimeters left01:23:35
between the anode and cathode represents01:23:38
if they close ranks then mary will burst01:23:43
takes out a gun01:23:45
says lay metal, I'll shoot you01:23:47
the head of the corps began to cry and01:23:50
lit but shoot and no film sticks01:23:53
I won't pour me tomorrow if I am now01:23:55
I had a tribunal tomorrow for shooting01:23:58
I have a family, the enemy of the people will have a family01:24:01
then he put the gun away to play but now01:24:05
I believe and went to another building of another01:24:08
boss shake it up as you wish01:24:12
I'm now being debated about who's right01:24:15
I will he stop or quantity01:24:21
if we had not acted on the verge of a foul01:24:29
we would hardly have won the war01:24:33
the situation forced01:24:34
[music]01:24:42
Lysva city, Perm region during01:24:45
war, the only one who worked here in01:24:48
country, a factory that produced soldiers'01:24:51
helmets on the third day of the war01:24:52
our city newspaper turned to01:24:56
residents of the city with such an appeal01:24:57
fellow housewives come to the factory01:25:00
getting up text com replace departed with01:25:03
front fathers and sons all the products of the plant01:25:07
was rebuilt01:25:08
for the needs of the front there is a direct line with the Kremlin01:25:12
Stalin was here at least once a year01:25:14
the main one called the plant here for a week01:25:17
the question was when it would be posed01:25:19
conveyor belt helmets01:25:20
[music]01:25:27
at the plant during the war years four s01:25:31
half a thousand people worked than01:25:34
400,000 is probably the estimate01:25:37
probably 70 percent of what is required01:25:40
standard quantity and what is 4 s01:25:43
half a thousand are women, these are children01:25:46
there are young men who could be elderly people01:25:50
which also went to01:25:52
and they did these things all about the feat01:25:54
every day but you also needed it01:25:57
woman01:25:58
there to become a forge master means01:26:01
blast furnace and give record war posters to sura01:26:04
new famous here she is Faina Sharonova01:26:08
and this is a sine dimmer from the Ural blacksmith01:26:14
tank factory where I had one on01:26:17
my husband is at the front, my father is at my front01:26:20
front, brother, you understand this was the motive01:26:23
he was the main one everywhere and everywhere01:26:28
starting from '42 next to factory ones01:26:31
workers worked there brush and tank01:26:35
gave up to me somehow01:26:36
unknown to children about a specific Ivan01:26:40
Mikhail os to whom you have been working for a month01:26:42
to whom you give the tanks with whom he01:26:44
leads along the front in one of the memories01:26:48
people who came here for a tank01:26:50
I saw this picture so huge01:26:53
speed a tank flew out of the workshop and rushed01:26:56
by platform01:26:57
and there’s a 14-year-old boy sitting behind the levers, by the way01:27:02
saying move the tank levers of effort01:27:04
then there those are already com heavy in it01:27:09
the boys and the sound of T2 stuck out but then01:27:13
what they did from the point of view of the tankers01:27:15
front-line soldiers who were observed by him01:27:17
it seemed simply unthinkable at such a level01:27:20
owning a car like this01:27:22
driver mechanics again at the front01:27:24
did not have01:27:28
[music]01:27:49
A01:27:58
by that time all the people were drafted01:28:00
age were in the army01:28:02
it was necessary to get out of this situation where01:28:05
take on thousands of new workers01:28:08
they were found in schools I live by then01:28:12
nicknames as we would call them now01:28:13
by and large we can safely say that01:28:15
it was mobilization, that is, them01:28:18
mobilized as war only to the rear01:28:20
special agents for production01:28:24
I'll hire traveled all over the country and dialed01:28:27
surprise from Ryazan beyond Vologda there01:28:28
regions from the south this is in the Permian distance01:28:31
way when they opened the workshops01:28:36
it turned out the employee couldn’t find it01:28:38
the boss already has a Serbian sleeve at the station01:28:42
bearing old suddenly discovered that01:28:44
appears stranded by modern non01:28:46
detains teenagers filming trains01:28:49
there in that one became the leader of the braids a lot01:28:52
got lost01:28:53
and then he had a vision of them taking01:28:55
teenagers after all and they hang people01:28:58
dialed at the station, they were immediately put on01:29:00
buses that is quite interesting01:29:03
technologies that are now possible01:29:04
use our return service by01:29:06
it was written to the bus staff01:29:09
in capital letters01:29:10
the plant has Stalin buses01:29:13
brilliant means despite the war they01:29:15
had to look perfect that is01:29:17
people initially fell into some kind of01:29:19
conditions where something was shining and creaking01:29:22
everything was new01:29:23
they were brought to everyone upon attachment01:29:25
masters there were very frequent examples when01:29:28
the masters gave these teenagers pull01:29:32
they were, by and large, naked01:29:34
bosses gave away their clothes, their personal01:29:37
gave away your shoes here01:29:39
they took me to the factory for programs like this01:29:43
it was scary there in the corrs [ __ ]01:29:46
run all over there01:29:48
people running so soaked it was creepy01:29:51
here you are at the ward machine, here you are01:29:53
work more footwork great01:29:56
small box under standing move01:30:00
they fulfilled adult norms for the most part01:30:03
details there are quite a lot of them here, they were needed01:30:06
put on the machine is 10 kilograms 20 3001:30:08
kilograms the teenager had to lift01:30:10
and he had to supply more than one part01:30:12
maybe even 10 or more01:30:14
Raise parts per shift from first01:30:17
thought that women and teenagers were at the machines01:30:20
it's temporary but it's been delayed for a while01:30:24
for a long 4 years though there is a limitation on01:30:28
were still of age01:30:31
engine building with hammers to work01:30:34
accepted children no younger than 11 years old but from01:30:38
the child was just here, it means ida01:30:41
rides home and win coverage they01:30:44
work took bent the wire took himself01:30:49
gear and dad here machines here you01:30:54
spill where people walk and along the span01:30:56
the gear is rustling, the gear is ringing and he is interested01:31:01
Vasya is running01:31:03
Well, Vanya, we’ve jumped off now01:31:06
initial workshop pre grab Dasha01:31:08
pick we run after him after him from these01:31:12
teenagers they then grew up because of this01:31:14
words after the war words from Perm01:31:17
the distance of the path is what they gave their word to the stage01:31:19
distances rather than inventing whole machines01:31:23
here they are the grandchildren of Uranus Alekseev names01:31:26
Demchenko not Mount Konstantin01:31:29
wiki-wiki its to change the image of a passenger car01:31:34
Andrey Palych looking for01:31:37
Vladimir Kharitonov wise Fedor Petrovich01:31:41
Kramarev Ivan Moiseevich only to01:31:47
[music]01:31:51
it was the other children that was a necessity01:31:55
as they burned he says necessity is the enemy01:31:59
powerlessness she has no compassion for cowards01:32:02
so here it is not because we are there01:32:05
there must be some heroes01:32:08
the gate of powerlessness it gives wings to courage01:32:13
power to the hand and heart light is therefore still01:32:16
They said it in the 18th century and that’s how it remains01:32:25
military operation in the east is complicated01:32:28
the need to conduct military operations in01:32:30
conditions stitching from the feet of the Russian winter01:32:33
every soldier in the east has to01:32:36
not easy01:32:37
he is forced to endure hardships and hardships01:32:40
fulfilling the tasks set before01:32:43
his homeland01:32:47
these were already the first signs of exhaustion01:32:51
they were going to meet the winter warmly01:32:54
they can even imagine Moscow apartments01:32:58
they couldn’t afford such resistance01:33:01
we strengthen it with superhuman efforts01:33:04
rear and rear which has not yet had time01:33:08
turn to full power at a cost01:33:11
self-denial turned the impossible into01:33:14
tank01:33:15
shells guns battalions regiments divisions01:33:20
potential of Soviet industry01:33:23
Barbarossa was a very bad read01:33:27
absolutely convinced that the factories01:33:33
ours are weak and strong01:33:35
it was believed that the industry would be budded01:33:37
access we will not be able to deploy it there we01:33:40
we can’t, but all this happened01:33:43
that is, there is an obvious mistake here01:33:50
the rear worked well the rear worked01:33:53
great and don't look for weight there was a meeting01:33:56
one day01:33:57
were present there of very high rank01:34:00
military and all tank industry and01:34:04
started the military demanded premium tanks01:34:06
give us tanks more tanks in the end01:34:10
After all, Malyshev is our people's commissar01:34:13
tank industry could not stand it and01:34:15
asked01:34:16
so how many more tanks do you need to01:34:18
start winning victories with us already in01:34:21
March 42 by number of tanks01:34:23
The Soviet Union again surpassed Germany01:34:25
and again suffered defeat in Ukraine01:34:31
rapidly advancing our troops01:34:35
reach the lower reaches of the Volga Volga01:34:41
achieved01:34:44
yes it really is a Volga01:34:49
exactly from here on the banks of the Volga01:34:52
they have to go to01:34:54
forced and already non-stop01:34:57
way back west01:34:59
but that will come later01:35:02
[music]01:35:21
from question01:35:22
[music]01:35:28
aqua01:35:31
[music]01:35:39
[music]01:36:16
Well01:36:17
[music]01:36:19
national labor epic of evacuation01:36:23
restoration of production01:36:25
capacity during the war years in scope and01:36:27
its significance for the fate of our homeland01:36:30
equal to the greatest battles of World War II01:36:33
wars01:36:34
Marshal of the Soviet Union Zhukov01:36:36
[music]01:36:57
[music]01:36:59
the Volgas are still higher01:37:02
it was just at the time when we01:37:05
they were just setting up their evacuations01:37:08
wow they were industrial for some reason01:37:11
convinced that victory is near, defeat is under01:37:14
they considered Moscow to be an accident01:37:16
not at all accustomed to fighting in cold weather01:37:19
especially since in the summer of 1942 we went to01:37:22
the offensive approached Stalingrad01:37:25
and it seemed that Stalingrad was taken and the floods01:37:28
Caucasian oil will no longer reach01:37:31
central russia01:37:39
but just at this time in the fall it’s forty01:37:42
second year new industry01:37:44
started working in full force and it turned out01:37:48
that this new industry with those01:37:50
resources to or from Germany01:37:52
defeat him already01:37:54
maybe it was then that they realized what01:37:57
was the point of our evacuation, we realized01:38:00
took up the concentration of production01:38:03
they returned the scientists sent to the front but01:38:06
you've already lost time01:38:08
our industry also did not stand on01:38:10
place and concentration we started earlier01:38:14
after all, it’s very difficult for Westerners01:38:17
introduce01:38:18
psychology of Russian survival01:38:21
no matter the Soviet Russian01:38:24
millennial survival traditions we01:38:27
have always been on the frontier at the point01:38:29
collision of some kind of fault01:38:32
civilizations and opportunities01:38:34
mobilization01:38:35
we have much more than the Westerners01:38:39
[music]01:38:47
everyone worked as if they were young people who fought01:38:50
the workers felt uncomfortable01:38:53
that their peers are at the front01:38:55
they are here in Tula and were fleeing from01:38:57
inconvenience of working at the limit01:39:00
human capabilities but more01:39:03
wanted to go to the front but also submitted an application01:39:06
Well, to be taken to the front, what is it?01:39:09
application to invest in the shop manager01:39:12
the shop manager is looking, so can you01:39:15
let go or not if not then01:39:18
will delete you and that's it01:39:21
armor is given away a movement is born01:39:25
Komsomol-youth front brigades01:39:28
why frontline because they considered themselves01:39:31
at the front they only worked at labor01:39:34
half the number of brigades for themselves and01:39:37
for those who went to the front 12 hours without01:39:40
weekends and holidays01:39:43
father he came once with work on his hands01:39:47
it was corroded by phenol, it turns out01:39:51
in the end he sorted out the pump, the pump came out01:39:55
out of order and God forbid he01:39:58
stop the rectification process01:40:01
he decided to go over the finale mike says01:40:04
what did the mechanic do?01:40:07
so I can’t force them in the final01:40:10
touch the pump and then he has these hands01:40:13
fingers didn't bend, whole fingers didn't bend01:40:15
month01:40:16
[music]01:40:19
from the memoirs of Sverdlovsky's secretary01:40:21
regional party committee during the war arrested at01:40:24
front with gifts01:40:26
we were driving Mongolian walrus tea and01:40:29
Chairman of the Presidium of the Small Khural01:40:31
Mongolia boom center making a stop at01:40:35
Sverdlovsk they visited Uralmash honored guests01:40:39
took us to one of the workshops01:40:40
even a short stay in an environment in01:40:43
in which hundreds of people worked for the front01:40:45
from day to day01:40:47
seemed unbearable to the children of the steppes01:40:50
the marshal was younger, he stood it01:40:54
60-Year-Old Boom Center Fainted Case01:40:59
the fact that you were domestic01:41:01
don't forget you live or die01:41:05
win or become some kind of worker01:41:08
the military itself got it to everyone01:41:12
situation01:41:13
she had a very serious influence on01:41:16
each person and if required01:41:21
protect your life and01:41:24
what to do as much as you need as much01:41:28
worked and thought better than ever01:41:32
brains worked better01:41:40
the daily work of the war relied on01:41:43
solid foundation of knowledge01:41:45
intellectual component of the military01:41:48
production was greater than anywhere else in the world01:41:51
then it was possible to create such a concentration01:41:54
scientific thought of which Russians and01:41:58
no time after01:41:59
I didn’t know, look, it was in the Urals01:42:03
essentially evacuated and almost large01:42:06
part of the academy that is active01:42:09
participated in the development of metallurgy and01:42:13
creation of new models of equipment and01:42:17
implementation of other projects here01:42:20
for some time the presidium was located01:42:23
Academy of Sciences of the Ussr would be here01:42:26
cropped a large number01:42:28
academic Moscow institutes in01:42:30
mostly and a large number of luminaries01:42:33
Soviet science help to warring science01:42:36
the country needed from the very first days to01:42:39
the most important defense enterprise succeeded01:42:42
rescue and place in the rear01:42:44
but how was it possible to remove the mines and shafts and01:42:46
literally from the first days of the war, the academy01:42:50
sciences, a commission was created on01:42:52
mobilization of natural resources of the Urals for01:42:55
defense needs it was a broad scientific01:42:59
offensive emphasis was placed on the Ural01:43:02
topics01:43:03
subsoil development of mineral resources01:43:06
metallurgy transport that is the way to get out01:43:09
this is it, if I may say so01:43:12
trouble she united and aimed at Optima01:43:17
aimed at the optimal solution of those01:43:20
problems that are in this today01:43:24
stood in front of science for a minute01:43:28
creative team of people who01:43:31
We weren't connected to each other before01:43:33
friend01:43:36
less than 2 months have passed since the start of the war01:43:40
Nikopol and the surrounding area were abandoned01:43:42
area01:43:43
and this is manganese, the most important component in01:43:46
smelting armor steel01:43:47
other sources of this raw material for that01:43:51
there was no moment in the country then01:43:53
remembered discovered back in the twentieth01:43:56
year but due to poor availability really01:43:59
not examined01:44:00
manganese deposits in the northern Urals01:44:03
bank of the river midnight owl in the shortest possible time01:44:06
the deposits were examined in detail01:44:09
and his development of loss began01:44:12
Ukrainian manganese was reimbursed01:44:17
this whole industry and how smooth it is01:44:18
cylinders in Ukraine focusing01:44:20
universal for the Germans, Hitler slept without01:44:22
Ferroalloy steel does not perform in01:44:25
in the month of August in the blast furnace we managed01:44:30
managed to cook ilnaz ferrochrome01:44:32
release ferromanganese01:44:34
from those poor ores that are there01:44:37
the sacred of the year grew out of them dior01:44:39
take how the chemist managed to build two01:44:43
batteries began to establish production01:44:47
fine chemical products and released01:44:50
here you can see your medicine among your friends01:44:52
which01:44:53
strong dollars during the war01:44:55
saved lives there with good people01:44:57
learned how to do it produce sul01:44:59
Sedin developed together with his01:45:01
employees of the leader of the Ural chemists01:45:04
Professor Postavsky01:45:05
future academician thanks to sulfides to us01:45:09
in all hospital departments there was01:45:12
mortality rate has been significantly reduced in just01:45:15
years of war, the country's doctors put on01:45:17
legs of 17 million soldiers and officers01:45:21
significantly outnumbered01:45:23
active army01:45:24
that is, most of the fighters returned01:45:27
into operation more than once01:45:29
we can say that sulfide preparations in01:45:32
the war years acquired strategic01:45:35
meaning01:45:36
[music]01:45:38
yes, there is a lot that doctors here do not release01:45:41
still in the Urals01:45:43
I don't think anyone had any idea about01:45:46
what is real tank armor?01:45:49
armor and was welded at the Izhora plant and in01:45:53
Mariupol barely until the last hour01:45:56
the cream that had not cooled down was loaded and he came out and01:45:58
they were sent to the east then and01:46:01
Catalina Magnitogorsk blooming but01:46:03
reserves were rapidly killing Russia in that01:46:06
including the Soviet ones, they went traditional01:46:08
methods of armor smelting technology01:46:10
grades of steel they melted mostly01:46:13
again in the center of Russia in Ukraine the Urals01:46:16
was intended for smelting both the Urals and01:46:19
Siberia for smelting and ordinary steel grades01:46:21
reinforcement construction grades steel mine01:46:24
the country was not going to build a system01:46:26
had to fight01:46:28
to cook armor you need special ones01:46:31
small twin melting furnaces for01:46:34
there was no so-called duplex process01:46:37
There are only such stoves in Magnitogorsk01:46:40
heavy duty highly experienced practice01:46:42
firmly said more formidable wildebeest01:46:45
melting won't work here01:46:47
those who arrived to evacuate from01:46:50
Leningrad01:46:51
employees take reservations centrally01:46:53
Institute of Metals01:46:55
start right away with a big oven scientists01:46:58
they were afraid the risk was really enormous01:47:01
the director but saw did not insist immediately but01:47:05
happened for the first time in the world01:47:07
this is an engineering solution01:47:11
engineering solution on foot dashing solution01:47:15
it allowed to increase production01:47:17
bronik dozens of times, there’s one like this01:47:22
profession welder manual welding01:47:25
That's a lot of hard welding work.01:47:29
body armor01:47:31
the technology is actually American to us01:47:35
they didn’t sell it then they developed it themselves01:47:37
academician in tone with his institutes and01:47:40
first used on the Ural tank01:47:43
factory automatic cartridge provided and01:47:46
speed and quality01:47:48
[music]01:47:50
even a good welder's hand is tired01:47:52
trembled everything will fail in this place01:47:55
cracks01:47:56
but the machine doesn’t have these problems01:48:02
no welding machines required01:48:05
qualified personnel they worked for01:48:09
principle of self-regulation of welding01:48:11
arcs and therefore the woman of yesterday01:48:15
housewife and teenager could very well01:48:18
cook left of proper quality and with01:48:21
same performance as01:48:23
skilled worker because01:48:26
an engineer could give such a powerful push01:48:29
labor productivity if you think about it01:48:32
properly01:48:33
physicists transferred their work from01:48:36
laboratories directly to factories01:48:39
where urgent military tasks were solved01:48:42
production01:48:43
for example, students academician a.f. Ural01:48:46
physicists Van Schur developed01:48:49
enclosure inspection device01:48:52
artillery shells, which allowed01:48:54
completely excluding marriage01:48:56
they traveled all over the Urals with their01:48:59
with a small suitcase the siege began in01:49:01
one copy existed here01:49:03
reject and01:49:04
and before that they rejected much01:49:06
more but with the help of a defect detector01:49:08
eat less pressed become more01:49:09
go to the front01:49:12
to win you need to create more and more01:49:15
and more advanced weapons so01:49:19
design engineers and engineers01:49:21
technology is the cutting edge of the military01:49:24
production of them in the first place01:49:28
and pulled them to the Urals and gathered here01:49:31
famous Tula gunsmiths01:49:34
pistol developer, etc.01:49:36
and Tokarev self-loading rifles01:49:38
the most experienced technologist and inventor01:49:41
organizer of machine gun production and01:49:43
aircraft guns01:49:44
zander together with plant number 18301:49:48
Chief designer arrived from Kharkov01:49:50
Morozov one of the creators of the T-34 tank01:49:56
the very eve of the war at a meeting with Stalin01:49:59
the fate of the aircraft engine was decided01:50:02
m82 and its production began it was01:50:06
the most powerful engine at that time01:50:09
only in the Soviet Union01:50:11
but probably throughout Europe the engine01:50:14
which developed a power of 1800 horses01:50:17
to false or and a plane with such an engine01:50:19
can gain air superiority01:50:21
few countries produce their own01:50:24
aircraft but even fewer countries which01:50:26
produces its own aircraft engines01:50:28
enough01:50:30
high-tech production and01:50:32
there was certainly a lot here01:50:34
technically literate people they came from01:50:37
science from the classrooms where they are accepted01:50:40
strategic decisions for development01:50:44
aircraft engine m8201:50:47
Arkady dmi01:50:48
I see Shvetsov was awarded the title of hero01:50:51
socialist labor so high01:50:54
branch and then the reward was received in01:50:57
mainly for the creation of weapons production01:50:59
which significantly increased01:51:02
combat effectiveness of the armed forces forty01:51:05
was the first to be awarded01:51:06
two authors of Russian miracle weapons01:51:08
inventor of Katyusha01:51:10
from and creator of the Il-2 attack aircraft01:51:14
according to the assignment of the title of hero01:51:16
Socialist Labor Shvetsova is a recognition from that01:51:19
that he also created a miracle weapon01:51:21
shop managed to adapt with the help01:51:23
specialists of our plant engine for01:51:25
his fighter and was created01:51:27
the famous La-5 on which he fought and01:51:30
most heroes of the Soviet Union01:51:37
responding to the superiority of Soviet tanks01:51:39
above German it is necessary to indicate01:51:42
tank diesel motor in 2 as important01:51:44
element of this excellence joseph catin01:51:48
chief tank designer01:51:49
Deputy People's Commissar of Tank01:51:51
industry Ivan Yakovlevich please01:51:58
then German tank designers per year01:52:01
wars gave the nickname Ivan Diesel01:52:04
he created diesel01:52:07
motor av201:52:08
famous in 2 became the ancestor01:52:11
a whole family of high-speed diesel engines01:52:14
with which almost all types were equipped01:52:17
Great Patriotic War tanks01:52:20
I was told this incident01:52:22
practically one of the participants in the event01:52:26
our tank was walking and fell into a funnel, all of it on01:52:31
the engine is fine, everything doesn't come out on its own01:52:33
maybe a steep hole01:52:35
at night some engine hears ours01:52:38
the Germans are coming with a gasoline engine, we have a motor01:52:41
diesel heavy engine sound different in01:52:44
The Germans have such a ringing sound and ours is te de de01:52:48
dee dee dee dee dee01:52:49
ours are watching, it’s not ours, the Germans will come out01:52:52
hooked, pulled out and dragged the tank for themselves01:52:56
they were not confused and pressed on ours01:52:58
pulled it like they pulled this one01:53:02
it stalls and drags our German towards him later01:53:05
the German will start, ours will stall a little01:53:07
once again there was a test of clean engines01:53:10
ours stood it, he went, he went until the Germans no longer01:53:13
was able to start ours brought the Germans it01:53:16
was considered a feat01:53:18
they were awarded the most important01:53:20
rewards are from to mm and not for 10 days01:53:24
considering the road is actually almost01:53:26
for three weeks they are just here just for them01:53:28
combined vacation with getting new ones01:53:31
tanks01:53:36
Here is the oldest plant in Perm01:53:39
production of artillery weapons01:53:42
there is under the leadership of the chief01:53:44
designer Fedor Fedorovich Petrov01:53:46
was developed most popular in the years01:53:49
wars01:53:51
122 mm howitzers in 194001:53:55
Petrov was transferred to01:53:57
Mash where large-scale production was launched01:54:00
artillery production with departure01:54:02
Petrova his ex kb plunged into01:54:05
deep crisis at the beginning of the Molotov war01:54:09
on a reel01:54:10
from Leningrad Christophe was delivered01:54:13
We suggest a special design bureau01:54:15
created from so-called enemies01:54:18
KB people were headed by Mikhail Yurievich01:54:21
barbers arrival balls of crosses01:54:23
became real for the Ural gunners01:54:26
salvation really 2 design bureaus in one01:54:29
team drain not steel management01:54:32
the plant often used this01:54:34
competitive situation but the simplest01:54:36
example here we omit 4201:54:39
Annushka and here is the regimental gun01:54:41
anti-tank needed it01:54:43
ordered to modernize immediately01:54:45
several to b2 who were in01:54:48
Motovilikha in Sverdlovsk how is this a checkpoint01:54:51
instructed and then simply assembled as01:54:54
we looked at which one is better and here we go01:54:56
the options turned out to be the most successful01:54:59
here is koko b 17201:55:00
in which he headed the barbers though01:55:03
officially not allowed by the NKVD colonel01:55:07
Let's01:55:08
[music]01:55:15
there is an interesting document for sale in Moscow01:55:17
This is the report of the 4th NKVD department where01:55:21
discoveries are simply listed, but not01:55:23
only ours this one 172 a k b a all01:55:26
good ones that were on the territory01:55:28
Soviet Union and there is a huge01:55:30
the quantity is there and some kind of connection begins01:55:35
electronics and ending with ships and01:55:37
guns, that is, this is the contribution to the victory and01:55:41
the contribution of discoveries was sufficient01:55:44
big01:55:46
our losses in this war could be01:55:49
much more and not be crowned with victory01:55:52
if not for the countless insights that01:55:55
helped to get out of hopeless situations01:55:57
turn flight from war into01:55:59
regrouping forces to roll armored01:56:02
ingot on blooming use laws01:56:05
physicists for ammunition quality control01:56:08
stamping tank turrets from armor plates01:56:10
45 millimeters and more and more and more with us01:56:17
no excess capacity01:56:20
that is, we exist constantly throughout01:56:24
industrial history of Russia01:56:27
Peter's times forever powers01:56:29
less than likely enemy01:56:31
so you have to but still get rid of it01:56:36
The 19th century was celebrated, I only remember which one01:56:40
finely stapled then used that flea01:56:42
shoe and we, due to our poverty, are small01:56:45
soon we won't have eyes like that01:56:47
I took aim, in general, this is how we live, but01:56:51
sometimes it’s more accurate sometimes very often01:56:53
lead to what we accept01:56:55
original solution to which01:56:58
the enemy simply didn’t think of it01:57:02
a continuous great variety of small01:57:05
improvements in the development of which01:57:07
not only the engineer but also01:57:11
huge on and number of qualified01:57:13
workers and sometimes not very much01:57:15
qualified and just smart01:57:18
Well, I worked wearing it, I was wondering what it was like01:57:22
before the tee until the 2nd machine I thought I was guessing01:57:26
on tour by August ketu01:57:29
there was a limit to the novelty when it was so much01:57:33
we turned on and turned me off with a wreath01:57:36
now I did took the rope from us01:57:39
knitted it into this fork01:57:41
I used to pull the rope myself01:57:45
it reached the center this is a fork this is mine01:57:47
turned off carrying a parcel and a second one01:57:50
wall on 2 machine made days went along01:57:56
my example I ate my girlfriends01:57:59
and we didn’t turn off the scoop01:58:03
on the move the sled never let go of Elm01:58:07
mafia skirts dragged fingers tied01:58:10
vip carter hummer front-line soldier 3 centurion in01:58:14
he had to roll this day01:58:15
six hundred shells he fired 1792 shells01:58:19
milling operator at Nizhny Tagil plant01:58:21
Dmitry God and his adaptation to the tank01:58:24
allowed to increase daily production01:58:27
37 from 200 nicknames are those who completed two01:58:31
norms01:58:32
300 was not petri, but there were also thousands of nicknames01:58:36
working for two three01:58:38
siterip they managed at least to some extent01:58:41
measure to compensate for the meeting shortage01:58:43
workers and there were not enough workers01:58:46
everywhere and everywhere for example the Kirov plant01:58:49
Chelyabinsk tank city was completed01:58:51
less than half of here and01:58:54
ruthless and coercion inevitable for01:58:57
any warring country but this is coercion01:59:01
supported by a rich variety of measures01:59:04
encouraging me, all the presidents imprisoned me01:59:08
Doom's queue name is not visible and I forgot in01:59:12
one spoke and says comrades01:59:14
our engineers haven’t gotten to this point yet01:59:18
such a complex operation go to 2nd01:59:20
I have my own zone like this one01:59:22
girly that's what she called me girly01:59:25
comrades gave 92 cars over the plan for01:59:28
year imagine what composition will go to01:59:31
the front of the shells were unconventional01:59:34
ways to encourage or vice versa even01:59:36
traditional Russian ways with interchangeable01:59:39
or the team has completed production01:59:41
tasks were covered for them01:59:42
modest 100 was issued 100 grams01:59:46
and he has a shop manager under his01:59:49
personal responsibility was always a reserve01:59:51
alcohol in the safe01:59:52
there was some piece of bread there01:59:54
even some kind of cucumber circle01:59:57
they didn't have glasses and had to01:59:59
remove the parts from the parts using glasses and how to02:00:02
front you trust the people's commissar they02:00:04
morally strengthened in a certain way02:00:06
condition02:00:08
leaders and innovators of the Stakhanovites02:00:11
surrounded with honor they were awarded they wrote down02:00:14
newspapers filmed them for newsreels02:00:17
of course a hungry man gets a piece of bread02:00:19
may be more necessary than a certificate of honor or02:00:23
even mida but public approval strengthened the spirit02:00:27
called for patience and perseverance02:00:30
this 41 45 century laziness is of a different size02:00:35
or someone's whip such c and sawing02:00:40
[music]02:00:43
Here is Malyshev Cheslav Aleksandrych People's Commissar02:00:46
tank industry well said02:00:48
that during the war years our industry02:00:52
took a giant leap02:00:53
it takes 15-20 years to implement02:00:56
so many new production products and we have for02:00:59
have not been here for four years02:01:01
putting together all the swan construction02:01:04
metallurgy science sat hatch like us02:01:08
We say everything for the front, everything for victory02:01:10
amazing things02:01:16
such connection of such a working conveyor02:01:20
never happened again in the world02:01:23
this conveyor02:01:24
worked day and night on overheating02:01:27
accelerating and accelerating, reducing time02:01:31
minutes and seconds minutes added up02:01:35
per hour and week month and02:01:37
and turned into echelons of weapons and02:01:40
ammunition02:01:41
and this is no longer funny for the enemy02:01:51
[music]02:01:55
directors and people's commissars and wartime people02:01:59
very young, all under 40, and some barely over02:02:02
thirty02:02:03
and it couldn’t be otherwise if you’re in02:02:05
age will not withstand such a load02:02:08
try sleeping 2 hours for 402:02:12
years and as for experience, then if02:02:15
stink engineers accumulated 3502:02:18
they tell me he’s already saved up, especially since02:02:21
they all started engineering careers02:02:24
not after college02:02:25
and already during my studies and Stalin’s02:02:29
the selection was very tough02:02:32
these frames decide it all, not empty02:02:35
words are a very deep understanding of ways02:02:40
and the keys to solving any problem02:02:43
look how many young ministers there were02:02:47
professionals knowledgeable details details02:02:51
their industry that they led02:02:54
it was very important in those days02:02:58
it helped, I think we have 4 to sew all the tasks02:03:01
and they called him grandfather, but he only cared02:03:04
several started it02:03:06
37 years of responsibility was colossal02:03:10
this is the period during the war02:03:13
Grigory Ivanovich ceased to be02:03:15
the director was appointed as a representative02:03:21
ministries and we must pay tribute02:03:24
the leadership of the country which, as soon as possible02:03:28
terms minimum terms within a month02:03:32
on 2 I was able to figure out that this was an error and02:03:36
returned Grigory Ivanovich to leadership02:03:39
the enterprise then very quickly02:03:42
make out of a quarry02:03:43
if you have a head on your shoulders if a person02:03:46
responsible02:03:48
if you don't let me down if you're capable02:03:53
work 24 hours a day02:03:55
then very rapid career growth02:03:58
Uralmashplant was self-sufficient02:04:01
that directors should not release02:04:05
there were just nerves of steel02:04:07
to control all this in our brain02:04:10
Who was nicknamed Tsar Boris02:04:12
he always spoke in a normal voice02:04:15
even quiet, but everything is literally to the side02:04:19
stretched out and performed his love02:04:21
he never lost his temper02:04:23
never yelled at anyone never02:04:26
cursed and didn’t even decorate with a pistol02:04:31
although many thought it was necessary to start02:04:35
from putting the gun in front of02:04:38
the beginning of the meeting the cooler the gun02:04:41
it was considered better, but in general there was also02:04:46
people are concerned because we have 30,000 arrived02:04:49
forty people in the evacuation of Stalingrad02:04:51
the second year we went out in the summer02:04:54
broken factory broken city that's what02:04:58
it was when we arrived they had to02:05:01
dress everyone and whether she feeds02:05:03
director of that time02:05:05
much more broadly, he resolved issues not only02:05:08
production he solved life issues02:05:11
people in this factory02:05:13
he was a king and a god from his own father02:05:16
people's lives really depend on it02:05:17
the soldiers were certainly outstanding02:05:20
he really was a person02:05:23
by and large the boss's war is not02:05:26
in vain he was awarded the Order of Suvorov02:05:28
which was given to military commanders02:05:30
earnings for successful development of military02:05:32
operations when they decided some02:05:34
production issue technological02:05:37
he gathered every day for a planning meeting02:05:39
not engineers, not their deputies, but02:05:42
people who produced this part and in02:05:45
basically had a brainstorming session with them02:05:47
and wrote down all the ideas about what people are like there02:05:50
offered simple workers who02:05:53
encounter daily satin02:05:54
production with this part02:05:55
he did absolutely everything but02:05:58
you read old orders to reward02:05:59
moving the production with some kind of satin02:06:01
with a chintz cut on his coat he took02:06:04
decision about plowing the land there under02:06:06
potatoes about the allocation of plots so that people02:06:08
could they have planted these potatoes there?02:06:10
what does it mean to mow a wall, that is, somewhere02:06:12
what to start there actually and there02:06:14
farms for example come on and rotate02:06:16
there were gardening potato stores02:06:20
there is on the market there is why to plant here02:06:23
the first winter she showed herself in everything02:06:26
terrified02:06:27
the problem was solved radically, that is02:06:29
tanks plowed virgin soil02:06:31
and plow large fields then these02:06:34
fields divided each department water leaf02:06:38
these are specialists, so many family members02:06:41
and accordingly imposed 5 acres on someone02:06:44
to whom 10 acres of potatoes were delivered even to02:06:46
tanks with the turret removed on top of the box02:06:49
large metal piled up02:06:52
and a whole mountain of potatoes went in there and02:06:54
on top of that there was a man sitting with a pole02:06:56
picked up the wires02:07:00
this 42 when it was already abandoned02:07:03
Sevastopol02:07:04
when did the battle of Stalingrad begin02:07:07
and the battle for the Caucasus was approaching02:07:10
the director of Uralkhimmash stormed the mounds02:07:14
People's Commissariats of the State Planning Committee are looking for a solution02:07:17
the time is inopportune for your problem02:07:20
but also02:07:21
we heard and here’s the thing, let’s remember the name02:07:25
those who arrived from Kyiv restored02:07:28
literally from scratch to the city02:07:30
far away housing there is almost no accommodation around02:07:34
could a significant portion of people02:07:36
placed in hastily built barracks02:07:39
on the southern outskirts of the city to plant 1002:07:42
kilometers on foot02:07:44
twice a day in Ural weather02:07:47
exhausted from hunger and unbearable02:07:49
labor for people is not just difficult02:07:52
physically impossible, the plant was in a fever from02:07:55
forced absenteeism02:07:57
the director of the mounds understood that there were no02:08:00
repression won't help02:08:01
permanent02:08:04
transport connection between the plant and the city02:08:06
Valerian Petrovich persistently searched02:08:09
a solution and a way out was found02:08:11
from the state decree02:08:14
Defense Committee dated August 2, 194202:08:18
organize between the city of Sverdlovsk02:08:21
and the Urals with a heavy wave of the trolleybus02:08:23
message put into effect by first02:08:26
December 1942 trolleybus line02:08:30
12 kilometers long02:08:34
Sverdlovsk executive committee 25 serviceable02:08:37
trolleybuses and among those evacuated from02:08:39
Moscow02:08:41
still didn’t make it to the appointed time02:08:44
and how was it possible to make it in four months with02:08:47
lack of necessary materials02:08:49
and most importantly, labor for construction02:08:52
the paths were taken by those who had already worked 1202:08:55
hours02:08:56
the first trolleybus went on October 17, 4302:09:00
went on a shortened route but that’s it02:09:03
he went to see that he stopped having a fever02:09:06
production started working rhythmically it was02:09:09
in the full sense of defense02:09:12
tic trolls today it's himmash02:09:15
large residential area of Yekaterinburg02:09:17
got its name from the plant02:09:20
route number one still connects02:09:23
factory with the city this was the result it seemed02:09:26
would be untimely concerns of the director02:09:29
Kurganov during the war02:09:33
and Stalin called and she said02:09:36
Gregory how is it and Baron order02:09:38
followed by a report everything is fine02:09:40
will Grigorievich ask us and I02:09:44
I heard the church was built before built02:09:48
So Victor, why, you know, war02:09:53
grief needs something in general for and for02:09:57
the people demand no souls, but who allowed you02:10:02
Do you know if you could resolve this or02:10:06
people called Poskrebysheva02:10:09
for this reason I didn’t connect02:10:13
called with the people the people allowed02:10:19
here people prayed in Slavic02:10:22
the fact is that in the hot shops they fed02:10:26
According to coupons, what is the enhanced nutrition for people?02:10:30
after all, they died from malnutrition02:10:34
load when he was informed about this he02:10:38
he says that's right, it was supposed to be02:10:41
a piece of meat, a little bit of sugar there02:10:45
oil is due to him and he has a house and children02:10:48
hungry people sitting02:10:50
he eats it himself instead of02:10:53
pocket this home and bring it and he gave02:10:56
our team during the war years 41 to 45 all02:11:01
schools02:11:02
received free hot food daily02:11:05
nutrition02:11:07
kindergartens one and a half meals02:11:10
from the factory it was a whole empire, take it02:11:13
this is not just a place where they worked here02:11:18
lived everything was factory starting from already02:11:22
be quiet if something is broken somewhere02:11:25
the faucet is leaking, it could be up to02:11:29
factory director give it to him too02:11:30
competence believe it or not02:11:34
Demidov's times, all life in the Urals02:11:37
in the urals the life of the ural workers revolves02:11:40
around the plant02:11:41
a bad plant will definitely be bad02:11:43
you get everything you need in life02:11:46
from the factory you need to make a coffin they will make it at02:11:50
factory02:11:51
you need a cart to do everything at the factory02:11:55
there is life around the plant and this tradition02:11:58
three hundred years today is already02:12:00
really genotype02:12:01
There's nothing you can do about it, principle02:12:04
survival collectively then now from the point02:12:07
from the point of view of survival, it is the most effective02:12:08
there is a way02:12:14
[music]02:12:19
from the memoirs of Field Marshal02:12:21
Manstein he Hitler blamed himself02:12:25
digital indicators of the German military02:12:27
industry and it's true02:12:30
tried not to notice the fact that02:12:32
digital indicators of military02:12:34
enemy industries were02:12:36
significantly higher than German02:12:43
layer 42 years Hitler was reported that02:12:46
the Russians are already producing 1000 tanks per02:12:49
he waved it off for a month02:12:51
intelligence can't be wrong02:12:53
reconnaissance actually errors to that02:12:57
they've already released more time in the Urals02:13:00
two thousand tanks per month02:13:05
it resembled a single clenched fist where02:13:09
every finger knew its own02:13:11
and whatever the fist is relative02:13:14
small are weak, they are always stronger02:13:17
open palm call this a song02:13:20
over the edge to fill it on the canopy dan02:13:24
blood onion02:13:48
[music]02:13:59
[music]02:14:04
you'll need both02:14:08
[music]02:14:21
[music]02:14:30
gimi they left Stalingrad02:14:34
guitars manila you invincible 2402:14:46
Hitler's generals captured02:14:49
[music]02:15:02
number of captured generals commander02:15:05
group of German troops near Stalingrad02:15:07
General Field Marshal Paulus02:15:10
[music]02:15:21
from the point of view of military strategy I have02:15:26
very difficult to judge02:15:27
because they almost succeeded really02:15:30
the classic word almost means02:15:33
still failed failed02:15:36
largely due to the fact that02:15:38
they didn't even read02:15:40
industrial potential of our countries02:15:44
[music]02:15:45
Soviet information bureau02:15:49
Today the ladies' train is completely true02:15:53
liquidation completed02:15:55
I remember the map we got from somewhere02:15:58
and there at the same time the father drew a sphere02:16:01
front movement which cities surrendered02:16:06
which we took it was reported all the time02:16:11
and I remember when we retreated02:16:14
reported very sparingly lost there02:16:19
such and such a city that when we were advancing02:16:23
all villages were listed, all villages02:16:26
all the small towns and this voice02:16:29
Levitan02:16:30
our cause is just, the enemy will be defeated02:16:34
Supreme Commander Marshal02:16:38
Soviet Union02:16:41
Stalin makes my hair stand on end like him02:16:46
that's what he said, he didn't shout02:16:48
Well, that’s what he said, the cities began to be liberated02:16:54
don't give up release we have another02:16:58
life was and the mood was already with vodka02:17:01
we get our city liberated such and such02:17:03
so and so we wrote letters to them they wrote to us02:17:06
wrote02:17:07
dear soldiers and commanders of the war02:17:10
northwestern front02:17:12
hold on bravely fighting friends let02:17:15
your rage in the fight against the enemy does not know02:17:18
the limit they are of course very warm02:17:21
pretentious, well then people even thought02:17:24
some letters are so interesting that the whole02:17:27
leaf hello and all the villages all all all02:17:30
everyone is listed02:17:32
and then it’s written at the end of everything I have02:17:34
good bye02:17:36
read letters to ourselves, everyone got ready to wait02:17:40
it was so important they wrote often02:17:45
the fighters described it to the girls without even knowing who they were02:17:49
give it to some girl in the workshop02:17:52
who doesn't have a boyfriend, this is the letter I want02:17:55
correspond with her02:17:57
[music]02:17:59
Alexandra Nikolaevna write to me at least02:18:03
A little02:18:04
what is important in Chelyabinsk and in our02:18:08
novel02:18:09
[music]02:18:12
I would like to see you, send me a photo02:18:15
I am waiting02:18:19
my friend, I want your girlfriend02:18:23
wrote him a letter02:18:24
please help me02:18:26
[music]02:18:40
later they became02:18:41
dance floor to organize02:18:44
we went to dances but not everyone got them02:18:48
and they didn’t give it to you because last time02:18:51
further and we wanted it so much and there on the second02:18:55
the floor window was climbed02:18:58
gave each other strength02:19:02
and glass was broken in the window there, he was elected for02:19:05
to get into these dances02:19:07
oh we had slippers like these at work02:19:09
only later they gave out oilcloth02:19:11
we are happy with the black varnish02:19:14
which we lubricated there02:19:16
blanks means we'll paint these slippers02:19:19
and we ran to the dance and there we had to02:19:23
in the workshop02:19:24
material to cut for all these02:19:27
there were no tests needed, I mean I think02:19:30
why are they lying around us and then I took them02:19:33
scissors and remember took and cut off 3 meters02:19:36
the calico is simple and without thinking twice02:19:39
my sister painted it burgundy and I02:19:42
you pay or in their hands as I dance in it02:19:45
and a 3 meter long dress with a sleeve like this02:19:49
Believe it or not, I’ll never forget it happened02:19:53
fun and hungry bow you are already mom02:19:57
then who did it better here02:19:59
became bow you bread piece x dance you will come as02:20:03
Eat this when you're happy and you'll fall asleep right away02:20:06
help Lena Lena Olin is already sleeping02:20:09
ran into danced from comfort is a thing02:20:15
It's dangerous and you have to know how to use it02:20:19
must be beneficial to the person and02:20:22
so that he remains who he is02:20:25
there is, that is, there must be a system in it02:20:30
internal protection system02:20:34
able to endure hardships and hardships02:20:37
internal internal02:20:43
after Stalingrad it became clear that02:20:46
nothing happened next, the war is on02:20:48
west02:20:49
the question was simply longer in time02:20:51
the Germans will hold out or will hold out less02:20:54
but the war went to the west, Stalingrad is all02:20:57
decided this is my point of view02:21:00
but at the same time I take into account not only02:21:03
military defeat of the Germans and the fact that02:21:06
new industry in the east managed to02:21:09
this time to create not only02:21:10
quantity but also to achieve due02:21:13
quality of technology, that is, new02:21:16
industry is fully developed02:21:18
power02:21:23
from the memoirs of Field Marshal General02:21:25
Many people in Germany also believe that Manstein02:21:29
that Stalingrad is of decisive importance02:21:32
battles because on the Volga02:21:34
the wave of the German offensive broke02:21:36
to then roll back like02:21:40
surf wave02:21:41
but no matter how hard the loss of the sixth was02:21:44
this did not mean a loss for the army02:21:47
wars in the east and thereby02:21:49
wars in general02:21:51
[music]02:22:04
[music]02:22:27
Tacoma02:22:30
[music]02:23:15
Well02:23:16
[music]02:23:18
national labor epic of evacuation02:23:22
restoration of production02:23:24
capacity during the war years in scope and02:23:26
its significance for the fate of our homeland02:23:29
equal to the greatest battles of World War II02:23:33
wars Marshal of the Soviet Union Zhukov02:23:57
in the summer of 1943, trying to take revenge for02:24:02
Stalingrad02:24:03
Hitler gathered on the flanks of the Kursk Bulge02:24:06
all forces available for attack02:24:09
he understood that the citadel operation would decide02:24:12
the fate of Germany02:24:15
[music]02:24:16
the battle on the Kursk Bulge became full-time02:24:19
Soviet and German headquarters02:24:21
armored vehicles02:24:22
and therefore confrontation 202:24:26
engineering schools02:24:27
[music]02:24:43
German engineering school senior and02:24:45
richer in experience than Russia even before02:24:48
Russian engineers traveled to the revolution02:24:51
study in Germany in the thirties when02:24:54
higher education has begun to rapidly develop in our country02:24:56
technical education were popular02:24:59
German engineering reference books at the same time02:25:03
our engineers and scientists learned from experience02:25:06
in cereal factories02:25:08
[music]02:25:13
during the years of industrialization the Soviet Union02:25:16
prepared and educated his own02:25:19
engineering building02:25:20
mid-thirties in Kharkov02:25:23
general cat designer02:25:25
designed the T-34 tank shortly before02:25:29
the wars established its serial production02:25:33
from the memoirs of the German tanker Otto02:25:36
Karius is like a ton of bricks on your head02:25:39
Russian T-34 tanks fell on us02:25:43
the amazement was complete T-34 with its good02:25:48
armor of perfect shape and magnificent02:25:50
for a tabletop tool everyone led to02:25:53
awe experts02:25:58
Reich Minister Speer gathered the leading02:26:00
German arms manufacturers for02:26:04
the fight against the Russian tank was decided as02:26:06
it is possible to make a heavy tank as soon as possible02:26:09
tiger and develop a medium panther tank02:26:12
the tiger was the embodiment of Hitler's idea of02:26:15
invincible or he had heavy armor and02:26:19
excellent gun02:26:20
therefore he could fight with our tanks02:26:23
at a very long distance while doing it himself02:26:26
stayed for them02:26:27
invulnerable panther tank was developed in02:26:32
imitation of thirty-four but he was02:26:34
more powerful and better armed because we too02:26:38
there were proposals to create and even created02:26:40
much heavier powerful machine than02:26:43
T-34 they were offered for service with one02:26:46
even formally adopted but02:26:50
serial production02:26:51
the well-known one was never deployed02:26:55
phrase and ossifying old man02:26:59
addressed to the chief designer frost02:27:02
what you are doing is good02:27:04
the car was taken away by the T 43 tank02:27:06
but we already have a good T-34 car02:27:08
improve and but I don’t believe in this02:27:11
the gluttony of Tallinn is simply in the People's Commissariat02:27:13
tank industry gathered02:27:15
The main thing02:27:16
heads of the country02:27:19
Russian T-34 tank in the forge was different from02:27:23
German masterpieces with ease of production02:27:25
and manufacturability of designs02:27:28
this made it possible to actively use labor02:27:30
women and teenagers02:27:32
and in Germany the new car is still02:27:35
were calculated under02:27:37
highly skilled German workers02:27:39
our tanks are cheaper than any Western ones02:27:43
everything you need, nothing superfluous and all you need is02:27:46
they don't get it to be honest02:27:48
I would like to have02:27:50
but if we build according to the principle of everything02:27:52
what is needed in this technique02:27:54
then we simply won’t have what we need02:27:56
quantities, that is, stretch along the clothes02:28:00
legs little by little it builds character02:28:03
engineer .02:28:04
Yes, they never try to do anything extra02:28:08
do not pawn equipment02:28:09
everything that can and and complicate the impact of living02:28:13
but at the same time this technique must perform02:28:16
its main function02:28:17
and what they started at every Chelyabinsk02:28:19
the tractor has air conditioning does not mean that02:28:22
these tractors can't plow they are great02:28:26
plows you don't have air conditioning everywhere, that's true02:28:29
the Germans literally speak their car02:28:32
licked in them gorgeous02:28:33
transmission great engine but02:28:37
The German economy simply collapsed02:28:39
refuses the tank great question02:28:42
Well, you just read the interest of the Urals02:28:45
found out that 5 point thousand panthers are about02:28:48
production difficulties at cost02:28:50
matches all 3 4 our all to 102:28:55
but in terms of combat power this is not lower02:28:57
matches all 3402:28:58
something that the Germans couldn’t or otherwise didn’t02:29:02
wanted to produce the same quantity02:29:04
tanks relying on super powerful02:29:07
cars these are the wrong decisions made, let them be ours02:29:11
tanks will be the most powerful02:29:13
let the enemy tremble, let the enemy not tremble02:29:24
here we have self-propelled artillery02:29:26
I seriously concede, unless of course you count02:29:30
there are no guard jets02:29:32
in Katyusha they entered into battle back in July02:29:35
forty-first longer and sowed fear02:29:38
German troops on their battlefield02:29:41
application is intended to kill02:29:44
large areas02:29:45
and to fight tanks you need a barrel02:29:48
high precision artillery02:29:52
from the state decree02:29:54
Defense Committee dated October 19, 194202:29:59
considering it absolutely necessary to have02:30:02
the Red Army has numerous weapons02:30:05
self-propelled artillery state02:30:07
The Defense Committee decides immediately02:30:10
create samples of self-propelled02:30:12
artillery installations from one hundred and twenty02:30:15
two millimeter howitzer on the base02:30:17
T-34 tank02:30:19
the deadline is November 20 and so the resolution02:30:24
accepted October 19 exactly one month from now 2002:30:28
November02:30:29
the sample must be tested stand brush02:30:32
sorokina we managed in general but02:30:36
apparently thanks for the work first of all02:30:38
the design basis was a self-propelled gun02:30:41
it turned out to be a successful su-12202:30:44
but howitzer artillery is a great thing02:30:47
Uralmash hellish self-propelled guns helped02:30:50
hack German defenses02:30:52
do not repel tank attacks but the Wehrmacht02:30:55
the Kursk Bulge has determined its trump card02:30:58
heavy appeared here for the first time02:31:00
tank destroyer Ferdinand in this02:31:03
quality he had no equal due to02:31:05
destruction or capture of Ferdinand02:31:08
without further ado they gave the hordes near Kursk02:31:12
there were 89 of these monsters02:31:14
according to the scale of the battle the mall02:31:17
but we have heavy self-propelled artillery02:31:20
it turned out even less from the tank town02:31:23
managed to enroll only twenty-four02:31:25
the machines can be said to be the first samples02:31:28
but specifically Chelyabinsk ISU-15202:31:32
met the attacking Ferdinand02:31:35
do not engage in open battle loses02:31:38
rate of fire they operated from02:31:40
ambushes and showed that there is no such enemy02:31:43
equipment that the Su-15202:31:46
could not destroy when attacking02:31:51
send them not tanks tiger and panther and how02:31:55
the Russians started hitting them as soon as they hit them02:31:58
literally turns the body around like a projectile02:32:01
inside everything unfolds, the Germans are amazed02:32:04
what is it where a barrage of fire is spotted02:32:08
there she went to the other end and again02:32:11
beats so I called her St. John's wort02:32:15
a thunderstorm for the German beast tigers and02:32:17
panthers02:32:19
after all, for victory in the royal battles02:32:22
I had to pay a lot02:32:26
for one tiger they gave several of our02:32:28
tanks02:32:29
[music]02:32:30
but the results of the battle seriously influenced02:32:33
the mind and plans of the creators of Soviet weapons02:32:36
it was after Kursk that the defense02:32:39
industry has entered a new stage02:32:42
rearmament of our army02:32:45
in forty-four 3 four02:32:48
received a new cannon and a new turret more02:32:51
strong armor and instead of outdated TV02:32:54
the series went down and02:32:56
forty-four at the beginning again02:32:58
has already happened in Western Ukraine02:33:00
several characteristic battles when02:33:03
the Germans lost only because02:33:06
heavy German tanks could not reach02:33:08
It's still spring before the battlefield02:33:12
Ukraine is softening is black soil02:33:14
which turn into mush to a depth of 202:33:16
three meters fours moved with02:33:19
with great difficulty, but they still02:33:21
moved but the Germans could not although02:33:25
formally according to the passport for a panther of course02:33:27
stronger what's the use what's the use of02:33:29
a strong tank that didn’t make it to the field02:33:32
battle02:33:33
the maneuverability of the Germans will never again02:33:36
failed to reach level three fours02:33:43
fierce confrontation with tigers02:33:46
Ferdinand my panthers and another02:33:49
enemy equipment02:33:50
Soviet engineers were preparing their response02:33:53
new German cars as a result02:33:56
During the war, formidable artillery pieces were built02:33:59
self-propelled guns02:34:00
ISU-152 Su-100 heavy tank Joseph Stalin02:34:05
When the troops arrived, they stood in a row02:34:07
legendary Katyusha02:34:09
Il-2 attack aircraft02:34:11
there and there PPSh fighter Yak-3 tank02:34:14
t-34 and soldier paints and evil forces02:34:19
when an elderly German fell behind02:34:23
groups last for the excursion02:34:25
he turned out to be the son of one of the German02:34:27
soldier and from his father he heard that the Germans02:34:31
soldiers risking their lives you tried02:34:33
in every possible way to get our helmet and among them02:34:36
there was such an opinion, if not in Russian02:34:38
the Koskis will fight, which means they will be alive02:34:40
come back home02:34:42
[music]02:34:47
now German industry02:34:50
increased production of prickly02:34:52
wire it was already required not only02:34:54
in the concentration camps the red army marched west02:34:58
and the Wehrmacht soldiers had to02:35:01
build more and more new frontiers02:35:04
defense is a barbed wire warehouse02:35:09
near the front line barbed02:35:12
the wire should delay the enemy02:35:14
offensive02:35:18
[music]02:35:25
How can you produce T-34 tanks in bulk?02:35:29
these are not batons, but batons can be used02:35:32
supply of course production02:35:33
infinite number02:35:35
but the tank is a very complex technical one02:35:37
system to produce without the highest02:35:41
organizing production is impossible02:35:43
large quantities02:35:44
if we start winning it means ours02:35:47
the organization in some ways surpassed the German02:35:51
it's not really possible to win in earnest02:35:54
started fighting on equal terms and winning02:35:57
after all, in forty-three the war was02:36:00
first of all, the war of economies, that is02:36:02
The planned economy of the USSR turned out to be everything02:36:05
still higher02:36:07
semi-planned economy, so to speak02:36:09
Nazi Germany required02:36:12
mobilize the economy and we have02:36:15
carried out02:36:16
all the forces of the front are all for victory, this is it02:36:20
these were not slogans, these were real deeds02:36:23
it was successful, but the German one02:36:26
industry02:36:27
this is an interesting question regarding power02:36:30
she was superior to us but in controllability02:36:36
at all levels02:36:38
controllability system adoption system02:36:40
our decisions turned out to be more balanced02:36:43
more reasonable more appropriate02:36:46
reality but they also had02:36:48
planning was also planning but02:36:51
mesh capitalism into those interests02:36:53
corporations often interfered with filling02:36:56
there may still be national ideas02:36:59
business and precisely in the fact that the German02:37:01
industry02:37:02
then the industry was originally02:37:04
they are profit oriented02:37:07
for the production of tanks as such on a large scale02:37:10
suspicion that if a large one were to teach and02:37:12
the same profit without missing out on tanks02:37:14
so he wouldn’t have released them, but with us02:37:19
our director you demanded things02:37:23
that colossal leap of the military02:37:26
production02:37:27
was achieved through emergency measures02:37:32
was there really a choice if we understand against02:37:35
what a powerful and modern weapon02:37:38
managed then to resist such a strong02:37:42
win and at the cost of huge losses02:37:49
But02:37:50
a a02:37:55
[applause]02:37:56
[music]02:38:07
That's not why they started buzzing at night02:38:10
all the workshops of the plant began to buzz in such an eerie02:38:15
some creepy ones were also joyful02:38:19
beeps chips which means it fits with pruning shears02:38:24
the most impact on the hare02:38:26
a beautiful woman was the rustle of war02:38:30
ended I think Philip’s machine is not Shura02:38:34
the war is over and I’m already looking at the machines02:38:37
everyone stalled02:38:39
Everyone is already silent and it’s just her mouth agape02:38:42
it means everything has stalled and the incisors woke up02:38:47
me grandfather Udino at midnight urgent02:38:52
plant that's how I knew the people, I didn't02:38:56
knew and have already met with concrete there more often02:39:00
vodka men succumbing02:39:02
part is victory I say what victory will give02:39:06
you don’t know yet but once the director02:39:09
collected be a view expressed02:39:11
a non-working day is announced, you want it02:39:16
vodka which is available to prepare snacks and02:39:20
sandwiches02:39:21
and for the demonstration here what was here was very02:39:24
So .02:39:30
Where did the music come from?02:39:32
button accordion02:39:33
it was a holiday02:39:35
[music]02:39:40
here comes the American one02:39:43
military-industrial delegation and it02:39:45
visited several cities of the Urals02:39:47
don't don't show me the mountain first02:39:50
then everything else02:39:53
the mountain changed during the war because02:39:57
that they mined ore02:39:58
he scales it02:40:00
you've gradually become a mountain02:40:03
foundation pit02:40:04
there is an expression called war02:40:07
agora02:40:08
and local Magnitogorsk residents called this02:40:12
pit of a grave that arose on the site of a mountain02:40:15
Hitler's valley then you'll think like this02:40:22
as he looks and so does the whole of Brandenburg02:40:26
euro so it's her shave02:40:30
the bride laid a stone that was great02:40:32
we passed02:40:39
[music]02:40:47
suddenly the long-awaited peace has arrived02:40:50
puts before the country the one who ended the war02:40:54
the problem is no less complex than with02:40:57
entry into the war02:41:00
Ivalis have won and the soldiers are leaving the front02:41:04
many left school classes and in general02:41:07
they don't know how to do anything except fight02:41:10
but you have to somehow get settled in the new02:41:13
life02:41:14
because this situation is Venetian02:41:18
prescribe that we need to be prepared for02:41:20
because people from the front will come and we02:41:23
must provide jobs02:41:26
opportunity to learn opportunities02:41:29
acquire a specialty and02:41:31
be busy at work I immediately02:41:35
tunics in faith and went to lead02:41:39
here I became a student02:41:43
how did they leave the fatherland of a certain us02:41:47
provided a choice of faculty and all times02:41:51
I worked my ass off in the physics department02:41:53
and Sarah captured him in the ninth year02:41:57
understood what it was02:41:59
a person is obliged to study because he is02:42:02
I won the right and it seems to me that this is it02:42:07
the gentle position made it possible02:42:11
grind these souls and direct02:42:15
their energy02:42:16
society.02:42:20
for those who carried it on their shoulders02:42:23
the severity of the war was the first day of peace02:42:26
the happiest in life but it was still02:42:30
and fracture02:42:31
crisis day workload schedule02:42:34
power systems May 9, 194502:42:40
one might say a tension cardiogram02:42:43
production02:42:45
this is how it was while the war was going on02:42:48
but the long-awaited victory is sudden02:42:51
load shedding Gregory Lanosov number on02:42:55
vacation went on vacation02:42:57
first time after the war to miss them 1202:43:03
years, do you consider the management of the plant and02:43:06
vacation somewhere was already seen as good02:43:08
really relaxed and the body that02:43:11
held on to it like that, it malfunctioned02:43:15
[music]02:43:19
and there were many such destinies02:43:22
for the country who ended the war02:43:25
the danger of a sudden stop makes sense02:43:28
not at all metaphorical here you are02:43:32
didn’t think about it, but that’s what happened02:43:34
after May 9 in the economy of factories that02:43:38
worked, produced tens of hundreds of thousands02:43:40
engines and then once they didn’t become anyone02:43:43
need what happened to save the engine02:43:46
no one needs the table no one has steel02:43:47
we need planes in the quantities that02:43:49
were the weekends released?02:43:51
days began to appear there to let go02:43:52
people have free time, that is02:43:54
just how to say there was a threat of unemployment02:43:56
that is, this is real unemployment and02:43:58
soldier at that difficult moment he did not02:44:00
confused people had to be occupied02:44:02
the simplest thing is just construction02:44:04
entire neighborhoods of housing for the people themselves02:44:06
everything here was built according to those times02:44:08
then of course part remained part02:44:10
ran around upset modern building02:44:12
then it was a way to keep people busy and02:44:14
tie them to the factory making them better02:44:16
conditions02:44:18
now the country faced the need02:44:22
another economic and02:44:24
production maneuver new military02:44:27
the country's industrial base so efficiently02:44:30
working for the war was required02:44:32
expand to produce peaceful products and02:44:35
ensure restoration of the destroyed02:44:38
farms02:44:40
ended tarot world end forty02:44:43
fifth year, half the country completely02:44:46
half the country has been destroyed, they are suffocating02:44:49
overload of Europe pulled out by the Marshall plan02:44:55
it is clear the huge capital offered02:44:58
a huge number of goods including02:45:00
industrial products for restoration02:45:02
industry is all Western Europe02:45:05
received02:45:06
we didn't get it but we restored it02:45:10
industry not only industrial02:45:11
the country was restored within a period comparable to02:45:14
the same Germany where the reserves come from, here I am02:45:18
studied the sex of life military-industrial02:45:23
complex I can say one thing that these02:45:26
reserves were taken from you p.k.02:45:29
correct conversion is not easy02:45:31
overpopulated with civilian products02:45:33
use of military technologies02:45:35
military experience in production02:45:37
civilian products allowed us02:45:39
restore the national economy02:45:50
when and did it end after May 902:45:54
very many of those specialists who were02:45:57
from Leningrad from Moscow from Kyiv there from02:46:02
Voronezh02:46:03
below they sternly stretched on their fish02:46:06
place I am after the war and in forty-six02:46:10
I went there Kaliningrad shot for a day02:46:14
there the administration battalion they are there02:46:16
it came to me they tell me02:46:17
you have a passport in Chelyabinsk, blackberries in me02:46:20
no matter what02:46:22
if I were now I would go to them02:46:25
showed who doesn't care who doesn't care02:46:27
anyway I cried and left for the workers02:46:31
industrial defense enterprises02:46:32
meaning ri vacation was prohibited02:46:36
recommended to directors to take everything02:46:39
workers have passports if they haven’t already02:46:42
taken away, that is, without their documents02:46:44
just leave it categorically02:46:47
unauthorized reclamation is prohibited02:46:50
was considered desertion and was punishable by02:46:52
laws of war but at the same time02:46:56
it's time in the west of the country in02:46:58
traditional industrial regions02:47:01
devastated factories were reborn02:47:04
here they also needed qualified02:47:07
personnel industrial potential in the country02:47:10
doubled came out the order of the people02:47:15
commissioners of ferrous metallurgy for which02:47:19
this means the workers of the factories have been evacuated02:47:23
Ukrainians have the right to return to their02:47:26
enterprises02:47:28
this threatened to stop the plant02:47:33
a special provision has been developed for02:47:36
recruitment under this provision was02:47:40
agreement02:47:41
who wanted it signed here if they02:47:44
remain they were given an apartment housing 300002:47:49
rubles for the purchase of a cow and 20 coupons for02:47:52
purchasing clothes and shoes02:47:54
circulation was 25,000, which meant that apparently02:48:00
example above02:48:01
Well, there were 20 such people and they are here02:48:05
stayed and they didn’t go back there02:48:09
here they stayed to work I'm holding02:48:13
the night I was born served in Ukraine02:48:16
everything is there in Kharkov02:48:18
but I liked it here and I still do02:48:20
I love Tagil, I love Ural02:48:24
especially the Middle Urals and I love Tagil02:48:27
I love Tagil, we had one like this02:48:30
famous director interview before02:48:33
wreath means he was born in Ukraine02:48:36
Slavic and graduated from Kyiv02:48:39
Polytechnical Institute02:48:40
Well, I wanted the composition of Kyiv to work these but02:48:45
in Ukraine02:48:47
his father told him his sons are real02:48:51
metallurgists work in the Urals, here it is02:48:54
got ready and rode with a bang, I think so too02:48:57
what if you mean a metallurgist then you have to02:49:01
work where there is a metallurgical plant02:49:05
and metallurgical water in the Urals02:49:09
[music]02:49:14
bilimbai are quite typical for the old Urals02:49:17
factory village02:49:18
and by the beginning of the war, forgotten by God02:49:20
outback but in an industrial region02:49:23
next to the railway and close02:49:27
industrial cities02:49:29
the population is negligible each person02:49:32
known to be a very suitable place for02:49:35
maintaining the strictest secrecy02:49:38
late autumn 1941 to the station02:49:42
bilimbai began to arrive and unload02:49:45
trains from the west new objects02:49:48
placed surrounded by a fence placed02:49:51
armed guards from all local02:49:54
residents signed a non-disclosure agreement02:49:58
lifelong02:50:00
here in the empty temple02:50:02
plant number two hundred is located02:50:04
ninety years ago it was headed by an aircraft designer02:50:08
Nikolai Kamov worked with him02:50:11
another designer Mikhail Mir in bilimbay02:50:15
they continued the development of rotorcraft02:50:18
aircraft is true02:50:20
the cars never had to fight02:50:23
in anticipation of the creation of a helicopter project02:50:26
was stopped02:50:28
forced by the war but the experience gained here02:50:32
was very useful in the future world and02:50:37
day and night, one might say, everything worked02:50:39
there were calculations and then when02:50:40
they left in '43 mistress02:50:43
this house where they lived02:50:45
she found an old book of fairy tales02:50:49
Saltykova-Shchedrina02:50:50
and that's where the empty spaces were all all all02:50:53
were written down by formulas formula form02:50:55
it was all calculations02:50:58
subsequently Emil Gamov02:51:00
became creators of each of their own02:51:04
families02:51:05
then world-famous helicopters02:51:10
at the beginning of the war there was a pipe in the territory02:51:13
foundry02:51:14
Bilimbay settled plant number 29302:51:18
here they worked hard on02:51:20
creation of a fighter-interceptor with02:51:23
liquid rocket engine project02:51:26
got index b02:51:28
what did short-range fighter mean?02:51:30
aircraft designer supervised the work02:51:33
Viktor Fedorovich Bolkhovitinov for02:51:36
tests and was attached to the plant02:51:38
pilot captain Gregory02:51:41
vanzhi five times captain bakhchivandzhi02:51:45
successfully lifted experienced02:51:48
samples of this aircraft missiles02:51:54
The 6th flight on March 27, 1943 became for him02:52:01
last02:52:03
after an airplane accident series by airfield02:52:06
near Sverdlovsk they no longer took off02:52:09
however, the Ural experience was not in vain02:52:12
Bilimbaevskaya school Bolkhovitinov passed02:52:16
then many aircraft designers with the world02:52:19
the name is the creator of cruise missiles02:52:21
Alexander Bereznyak author and developer02:52:24
first turbojet engines Arkhip02:52:27
cradle these are Sergei's closest associates02:52:30
Pavlovich Korolev02:52:31
Vasily Mishek Mikhail Melnikov Boris02:52:34
devil02:52:35
Alexey Isaev himself is Viktor Fedorovich02:52:38
until the end of his days he will count02:52:41
the Baevsky period was the main stage of its02:52:44
life02:52:45
time02:52:46
the beginning of the era of domestic jet02:52:49
aviation and premonition into space02:52:56
the city of Molotov is now singing02:52:58
was evacuated here at the beginning of the war02:53:01
Leningrad Opera and Ballet Theater named after02:53:04
Kirov02:53:05
[music]02:53:09
firstly, the greats performed here02:53:13
were st Ognevich with merge was written02:53:15
Khachaturian ballet Gayane02:53:17
There is a 7th floor to this hotel and02:53:20
Now where did faith live? Now where did she live?02:53:23
I think really many many figures02:53:25
art that came here02:53:28
in Perm together with the theater there was02:53:30
evacuated and Leningrad02:53:32
choreographic school named after Vaganova02:53:35
in 1942, enrollment of children in 102:53:40
The ballet school class was recruited for the first time02:53:43
military recruitment of children and when Leningrad02:53:45
the Permians did not release their children02:53:48
released to the devastated city and with us02:53:49
there was a question about my choreographic02:53:51
the school he headed is active02:53:55
Nikolaevna reptile their wonderful02:53:56
the ballerina is simply amazing there was a war going on02:53:59
the devastation in the country has not ended and02:54:01
ballet schools are being created here in02:54:04
provinces02:54:06
[music]02:54:09
and now for one of the penultimate competitions02:54:13
Arabesque02:54:14
Nikolai Tsiskaridze has arrived, this is the soloist02:54:17
Bolshoi Theater and now heads02:54:18
Vaganov ska and choreographic school02:54:20
he came on stage and low low02:54:23
he bowed, he said, I've been dreaming about this for a long time02:54:25
make my teacher from Perm and all that02:54:28
what made me famous is yours02:54:30
wonderful school02:54:31
[music]02:54:44
evacuation of engineers from other factories here02:54:48
own engineers is powerful02:54:50
engineering building02:54:52
he continued working after the war and02:54:55
the result here is a very achievement02:54:58
simple multiple launch rocket system02:55:00
fire were eventually placed on the motorcycle02:55:02
great and today we manufacture and02:55:04
the only plant in Russia that02:55:06
makes these products02:55:07
[music]02:55:08
all the technologies that exist today02:55:11
applicable in modern metallurgy02:55:13
converter production 1 converter per02:55:16
the workshop in the USSR was built as a result02:55:19
first continuous casting machine02:55:22
blanks, that is, if previously all the ingots02:55:24
in Nizhny Tagil Noyan there yeah if they02:55:27
be proud of European and world02:55:29
experts note that our oven02:55:32
work with the best02:55:33
technical and economic indicators in02:55:35
the world of legs with someone there, someone is arguing about not02:55:37
git wouldn't it be better if the game nuts could02:55:40
second and oblige in Europe we are exactly 1 of02:55:43
America you can argue.02:55:44
there are Ural brands, they too02:55:48
Motovilikha Moto Verinski and the same factories02:55:51
Perm Motor Plant is a brand02:55:52
which is famous all over the world02:55:54
Uralvagonzavod salda which is there02:55:56
produce there for this world there02:55:58
just the most striking examples that02:56:00
indicate that the Urals were there02:56:02
and it will be the supporting edge of the state, as I02:56:07
representative of the academic community02:56:09
I believe, that02:56:11
the ural is the middle from which it begins02:56:14
and ends02:56:16
many greats02:56:18
things to do in the union and in Russia02:56:25
the war was a difficult ordeal but it02:56:29
taught not only the conclusion she taught02:56:32
work the Urals experienced a rapid02:56:35
industrial boom expanded02:56:37
capacity of enterprises operating before the war02:56:40
new ones were built in the shortest possible time02:56:43
entire industries have emerged at the plant02:56:45
industries that were not here before02:56:48
was the Urals turned into a ridge02:56:51
defense complex of the country and the Soviet02:56:54
the union having won the war acquired the status02:56:57
superpowers it seems to me02:57:00
the foundation was laid for what02:57:03
future belonged to the Soviet Union02:57:07
how industrial powers are able to give02:57:12
rebuff anyone02:57:14
by gres02:57:15
[music]02:57:19
it seemed the war was over, but the feeling02:57:23
achieved goal02:57:24
the conquered world quickly dissipated02:57:29
the one who suffered through turned out to be shaky and02:57:32
fragile in the arena of world history02:57:36
there is a new character atomic bomb a02:57:39
along with her there are new contenders for02:57:43
world domination02:57:46
[music]02:57:50
all long before the end of the war the Americans02:57:53
read02:57:54
that in the post-war world other strong02:57:57
by a state other than the United States02:58:00
there will be a Soviet Union02:58:02
therefore he is the enemy02:58:04
[music]02:58:15
even during the war at American headquarters02:58:18
development of an attack plan began02:58:21
Soviet Union02:58:22
at the end of 1945, America had02:58:27
at least 196 atomic bombs for02:58:30
Russian objects of the upcoming strike 2002:58:35
Soviet cities to start in three02:58:38
years ago there were already 70 such cities further02:58:41
more real reason02:58:44
he is provided with everything, he is provided politically02:58:47
in Japan they blew up a pipe sticking out on02:58:51
open calls bambi to Moscow without02:58:55
pauses without respite02:58:57
based on the wartime economy02:58:59
it was necessary to create a new defense02:59:02
industry was clear that for02:59:05
implementation of the nuclear project will have to02:59:08
what a short Soviet history02:59:11
raise the whole country on its hind legs02:59:14
methods worked out during02:59:16
war is the ultimate02:59:19
lization of the concentration of material and02:59:21
human resources02:59:22
wide scope for initiative and strict02:59:26
responsibility for completing tasks and02:59:28
called him to the Communist Party and then 2 winds02:59:31
copy for the first time multi-page02:59:36
questionnaires, here we are there for about six weeks and02:59:39
filled them out when asked by the manager02:59:44
defense magic for tea then you need it he said02:59:47
yes this is needed for the regional party committee there02:59:49
it turned out that it had to be taken away02:59:53
frames for02:59:55
this is the base of 10 Komsomol members02:59:58
parties selected models dream and like it or not03:00:02
you want it, you need it for the country and that’s it03:00:06
just like during the war03:00:08
the whole body of perry of a tense country03:00:10
gave his energy to the centers of new03:00:13
production facilities on the basis of which were created03:00:16
closed nuclear cities03:00:18
first in time and most associated with03:00:21
the tradition of evacuation was the current Ozersk03:00:25
its core was the production plant03:00:28
weapons-grade plutonium03:00:30
the current lighthouse was built as in years03:00:34
war at the Ural aluminum smelter from03:00:37
projects and estimates at your own risk03:00:40
lenovo story didn't take the time03:00:43
began to cut clearings for the road to build03:00:48
because there were no roads here03:00:50
there was no electricity or power03:00:54
had to missed deadlines in cutting the foundation pit03:00:57
the first reactors were planned to be 12 meters03:00:59
Enough turned out I needed 53 meters03:01:02
manual labor no mechanization03:01:05
the commission is appointed and arrives itself03:01:08
high hand loss special03:01:10
main directorate of the first main03:01:12
management03:01:13
all people's commissariats are means of the enterprise, but you03:01:15
they just arrive at the place but change03:01:19
leadership but then the minister of internal affairs03:01:23
Kruglov issues an order within03:01:25
send about 18 thousand more here per month03:01:28
prisoners and within a month here03:01:33
supply 110 yurts insulated by 5003:01:37
each person so that it is possible03:01:39
welcome winter to Leon who arrived with us03:01:43
it was like a Central Asian region so to speak03:01:45
there were white yurts throughout the training ground03:01:48
since June 1944, management of the atomic03:01:53
government project03:01:55
assigned to Lavrentiy Beria for the first time03:01:58
take arrived near Kyshtym July 8, 194703:02:02
after it became clear that03:02:05
Stalin's promised bombs at the end of the year03:02:08
will be and the cadre principle worked again03:02:12
decide everything03:02:13
Director of Uralmash he had to make sounds03:02:17
leave your factory and take over03:02:19
management of a plant under construction when03:02:23
major scientific problems have been solved03:02:25
there was a question about mass production03:02:28
atomic bombs reactors anything03:02:31
where were the specialists recruited?03:02:34
designing serial products for their03:02:36
production in the tank industry in03:02:40
orders from the Ministry of Transport03:02:43
mechanical engineering, which included control over03:02:47
late forties whole sheet03:02:50
the list of people is like this03:02:53
on transfer from tank factories to03:02:56
lead beer industry this is so03:02:58
was called and as you know we are bombs03:03:02
they really started to do it on stream yes03:03:04
not only bombs and reactors, a lot of things03:03:06
other On June 1, 1948, an act was signed03:03:12
about the fact that the device and that’s what it was called in03:03:17
that period03:03:18
accepted for industrial operation by the base03:03:20
10 and now I had to check03:03:25
this reactor is capable of operating as03:03:27
industrial production plant03:03:30
plutonium or Kurchatov is not capable03:03:34
the manager and economic manager was confident03:03:38
levels were in great comparison with03:03:41
it works like an industrial installation03:03:43
or it will explode and there was such a possibility03:03:46
quite possible despite this03:03:48
here in this room here at the remote control there03:03:51
there was all the management so to speak03:03:54
plant and 1 main directorate stood03:03:57
we stood here too03:04:00
Well, we won the holiday, but what if we didn’t win?03:04:04
but the reward is better here if it explodes03:04:07
something the people of this era were blinded by03:04:12
from some other test they took risks03:04:15
regardless of position and position03:04:17
General Zavenyagin arrived early03:04:20
take the assignment to deal with the next one03:04:23
After the accident, he quickly realized that during the repair03:04:26
exposure of reactor workers cannot be avoided03:04:29
won't drown out the general takes the table and sets it03:04:32
it next to the operating reactor and03:04:34
sits down next to him, gets comfortable and03:04:37
Major General of Engineering Service Director03:04:40
plant boris muse hands workers seeing03:04:43
that the generals are sitting nearby03:04:45
started working and eliminated accidents03:04:48
six days and all this time Zavenyagin03:04:51
despite the persuasion of the dosimetrist of03:04:53
move away from the active zone03:04:55
sat next to the workers03:04:58
Americans were repairmen03:05:01
Irina that we have our own atomic weapons03:05:04
will appear no earlier than in 15-20 years03:05:07
it turned out differently on August 29, 1949 in the USSR03:05:14
tested the first atomic bomb with an assessment03:05:19
today03:05:20
something was wrong with03:05:23
specific person but relationship to 103:05:26
ensured the security of the country03:05:29
and therefore it dictated such a relationship03:05:32
today judge for these severity for these03:05:36
yes, by the way, it’s incredible, by the way, effort03:05:38
who accept, well, I think that03:05:40
there is no moral right for future generations03:05:42
we have a wrong duty low03:05:44
bow to the generation that created03:05:47
this whole economy created a nuclear power plant03:05:49
the bomb is a weapon of deterrence that saved03:05:54
the whole world from atomic wars not a single bomb03:05:57
after testing the first Soviet logo03:05:59
no longer used for military purposes03:06:02
for some political purposes03:06:04
the world was saved from nuclear wars03:06:10
[applause]03:06:14
that's right03:06:16
As always, there are many reasons, but one of them is03:06:19
reasons for the field of Western psychology03:06:24
Europe, what is Russian, are they people?03:06:26
who poorly copy Western models03:06:29
something was stolen there, something was it a hat, but here it is03:06:31
received some products03:06:34
there seems to be no creative potential behind us03:06:37
implied by the fact that due to03:06:40
borrowed technologies we will create03:06:42
something new and on and very effective03:06:45
and was not even envisaged, but after all03:06:49
Now I'm in our country huge03:06:50
number of people rate our03:06:52
industry is just as rusty03:06:55
remnants of the Soviet period, nothing from03:06:56
you can't take this low tech03:07:00
industry of the soviet union03:07:02
people who survived in it with their backward03:07:04
all 11 glances here I was visiting03:07:12
factory a plant that is probably even older03:07:15
older than Nizhny Tagil03:07:17
so I came Danil that I am workers and03:07:21
probably the rolling mill is the same03:07:22
about the same age as us, but he03:07:26
all automated is hung with some03:07:29
modern systems03:07:31
you go up to the worker and ask03:07:35
better tell me, here you have it and here it is03:07:37
maybe I don’t know, he’s not supposed to know03:07:41
here he was to find a button for a pen03:07:43
click this master I ask the master03:07:45
she also doesn’t know that she knows everything03:07:49
is being done knows what is being done03:07:52
the neighbor also knows exactly what to do03:07:55
behind the wall our souls are why we03:08:00
he won all these wars03:08:01
also we are not standard that Russian is like him03:08:04
I was wondering after the war03:08:06
competition03:08:07
our trade unions went to Austria for03:08:10
world trade union congress and there03:08:15
one of the speakers said that here03:08:18
we have either Mikhalych hijacking who03:08:20
fulfills the norm one thousand percent but03:08:24
those present laughed and said what03:08:26
this is the norm, we don’t believe in it03:08:29
ok, let's have a competition then03:08:33
the Austrians put out their best03:08:35
toolmaker for him03:08:40
Anatoly Mikhailovich opposed03:08:42
the task was the task was the same03:08:45
sample03:08:46
make a duplicate of the safe key03:08:49
Anatoly Mikhailovich in half an hour03:08:52
presented the finished key03:08:53
and he was still busy fiddling with everything03:08:57
it became clear that the company gave him a watch03:08:59
gold ones and probably still me03:09:03
said coordination is the winning gene no one03:09:06
doesn't want defeat, but he is our people03:09:10
been through too much03:09:12
probably throughout history and the war that03:09:16
the last war was not us and you started it03:09:19
you know big Russia and Russia03:09:23
which is not shown there under03:09:25
Everyday we see the news there03:09:28
I want the center there in Moscow03:09:30
but there is Russia which is here in the lower03:09:33
tagil which is there in the suburbs of lower03:09:35
tagila there is a lower salda upper03:09:38
salda03:09:39
but there are people there who are strong in spirit if these03:09:43
raise people03:09:45
and they will rise there themselves, I think03:09:48
Russia always puts03:09:50
I definitely have no doubt about this03:09:52
[music]03:09:53
at the disposal of the People's Commissar of Tank03:09:56
industry of the ussr03:09:57
Malysheva May 15, 1945 in03:10:02
commemoration of the historical victories of the Red03:10:04
armies over Hitler's Germany03:10:08
centuries of whatcha not labor heroism03:10:09
workers and employees period of the great03:10:11
Patriotic War on every tank03:10:14
plant along the path of greatest movement03:10:16
workers from work and to work set03:10:19
Artem's tank on the pedestal03:10:21
The tank produced by the factory must be03:10:24
prepared for long-term storage all03:10:26
forms and documents for the tank must03:10:28
be placed in a hermetically sealed03:10:30
box03:10:31
[music]03:10:43
so I remember the victory people cried03:10:47
We hugged but there were no such hysterics03:10:56
We hugged hard, it was all in our hearts03:11:00
it was equally hard and we were glad that in the end03:11:04
in the end they believed that now it will last for a long time03:11:07
it worked out like that for a long time03:11:12
still this scum03:11:14
turned the head off this Nazism03:11:25
you didn't make this film in good quality03:11:28
reminders but with a desire to understand what03:11:31
after all, it happened then as if it were summer03:11:35
people of a different spirit and different flesh or are they03:11:38
were the same as us, but life gave us03:11:42
them into those conditions in which we would have to03:11:46
God no need03:11:48
[music]03:11:49
what's the point of trying history on yourself?03:11:52
they say, could we withstand this03:11:55
meaningless question who can answer it03:11:58
answer in advance03:12:00
and prepare yourself for possible trials and03:12:03
live in anticipation of trouble03:12:05
It’s also not very productive, isn’t it better to live03:12:09
premonition happiness so after all they are so03:12:12
wives03:12:13
listen to their songs watch their films03:12:16
but they will endure, why?03:12:20
and most importantly, how much are we in our current03:12:24
life is no less complicated in its own way03:12:27
we can rely on their experience03:12:41
[music]03:12:52
How03:12:55
[music]03:13:38
house type03:13:39
[music]03:13:47
[applause]03:13:50
[music]Description:
В данном фильме пойдет речь о том как ссср .Смог эвакуировать промышленность из своих западных областей и наладить ее работу в Сибири ..Кроме это в конце будет затронута ,холодная война и противостояние ссср и сша ..
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